Host residents' perception changes on major sport events

Comparative study on residents' perceptions of follow-up impacts of the 2008 Olympics

“…The authors found that all research participants are supporters rather than opponents. Ma et al (2013) examined the perceptions of Kaohsiung (Taiwan) residents toward the 2009 World Games. The residents were divided into "neutral," "moderately positive," and "positive" one month before the games and "neutral" and "moderately positive" three months after the games.…”

“…Studies in the first category (e.g., Gursoy et al, 2011;Kim et al, 2006;Lee et al, 2013;Lorde et al, 2011;Ritchie et al, 2009;Waitt, 2003) primarily focused on the perceptions of residents toward the impacts of mega-events, whereas studies in the second category (e.g., Boo et al, 2011;Deccio & Baloglu, 2002;Gursoy & Kendall, 2006;Kim & Petrick, 2005;Ma et al, 2013;Müller, 2012;Prayag et al, 2013;Zhou & Ap, 2009) investigated the perceptions and attitudes of the residents toward mega-events simultaneously.…”

“…For instance, Kim and Petrick (2005) selected the last week and three-month post-event period in their study of the 2002 FIFA World Cup. By contrast, Kim et al (2006) selected three months lead and lag in their study of the same event, Ma et al (2013) Given the long-term influence, a short-time lag may be considered insufficient because in most cases, mega-events usually have long-term rather than short-term effects on their host country (Lorde et al, 2011). Generally, two or three years are needed before residents' perception of the costs and benefits will be identified; thus, collecting data two or three years after the event is the better approach (Gursoy et al, 2011).…”

“…The recognition, support, and appeal of the local community have been identified as the success factors of a particular event (Jeong & Faulkner, 1996). Previous mega-events that were studied include the America's Cup held in Australia between 1986 and 1987 (Soutar & McLeod, 1993) and in New Zealand between 1999 and 2000 (Barker, Page, & Meyer, 2002), the FIFA 2002 World Cup in Korea (Kim, Gursoy, & Lee, 2006;Kim & Petrick, 2005), the ICC Cricket World Cup 2007 in Barbados (Lorde, Greenidge, & Devonish, 2011), the Tour de France in 2007 (Bull & Lovell, 2007), the 2009 World Games in Kaohsing (Taiwan) (Ma, Ma, Wu, & Rotherham, 2013), the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow (Martin & Barth, 2013), and so on. Previous Olympics have also been investigated, such as the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta (Mihalik & Simonetta, 1998;, the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City (Gursoy & Kendall, 2006), the 2000 Olympics in Sydney (Lenskyj, 2002;Waitt, 2003), the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi (Müller, 2012), and the 2012 Olympics in London (Prayag, Hosany, Nunkoo, & Alders, 2013) and in its partner cities Weymouth and Portland (Ritchie, Shipway, & Cleeve, 2009).…”

Does Distance Matter? Geographical Distance and Domestic Support for Mega Sports Events

“…While existing studies primarily consider the importance of local pre-event support (Boyko, 2007;Deccio & Baloglu, 2002;Ma, Ma, Wu & Rotherham, 2013;Pappas, 2014;Ritchie et al, 2009), little attention has been paid to the spatial influence on support. If new event infrastructures and facilities are of general utility to residents, 2 then residents living closer to the facilities may be more likely to benefit from the event or the infrastructure remaining afterwards, than those living far away.…”