Host Resistance of Five Fraxinus Species to Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) and Effects of Paclobutrazol and Fertilization

Tanis, Sara R.; McCullough, Deborah G.

doi:10.1093/ee/nvu005

Cited by 42 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The lack of eggs laid by beetles caged on Manchurian ash is consistent with previous studies investigating EAB oviposition preference and larval development. These studies report fewer eggs laid on Manchurian ash than North American ash species, and that Manchurian ash had fewer larval galleries and adult exit holes than North American ash (Rigsby et al ., ; Tanis & McCullough, ). In our oviposition experiments with heterospecific grafts, four caged females laid eggs on trees with Manchurian scions and green rootstocks, whereas only one female laid eggs on a tree with a green scion and Manchurian rootstock.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exception is blue ash ( Fraxinus quadrangulata Michx. ), a North American ash species with resistance levels comparable with that of Asian ash (Tanis & McCullough, ; Tanis & McCullough, ). This variation in resistance among ash species is attributable to differences in both constitutive and induced defensive compounds (Villari et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, Manchurian ash possesses nine phenolic compounds not found in susceptible green or white ash, including esculin, a trehalase inhibitor that interferes with insect metabolic function (Silva et al ., ; Cipollini et al ., ). Adult EAB oviposit less on Manchurian ash than on North American species, and their leaves are less preferred by foraging adults (Rebek et al ., ; Pureswaran & Poland, ; Rigsby et al ., ; Tanis & McCullough, ; Rigsby et al ., ). Effectively exploiting these variations in phloem and foliar chemistry, and their desirable effects on EAB colonization behaviour and fitness, could be essential for developing North American ash varieties that are resistant to EAB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of grafting on host plant resistance in ash (Fraxinusspp.) to emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennisFairmaire)

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Sadof

Ginzel

2018

Agri and Forest Entomology

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1 The invasive emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is a phloem-boring pest from Asia that has killed hundreds of millions of North American ash trees (Fraxinus spp.). Propagation of trees resistant to EAB must be explored as a tool to maintain the North American ash resource. 2 Interactions between the root and shoot of a tree may be critical to its ability to resist attack by insects and pathogens because many secondary metabolites critical to plant defence are synthesized in the roots. 3 In the present study, we determined the extent to which grafting susceptible green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall) and resistant Manchurian ash (Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr.) affects EAB resistance in ash trees. We measured adult EAB survivorship, herbivory, fecundity and morphological tree characteristics on grafted and nongrafted green and Manchurian ash. 4 Among grafted trees, beetles caged on grafted green ash lived four days longer and laid at least three times more eggs than beetles caged on trees with a Manchurian ash scion or rootstock. Herbivory was unaffected by graft combination. 5 Our findings suggest that grafted trees with Manchurian ash rootstocks or scions will be more resistant to EAB than nongrafted green ash trees.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of grafting on host plant resistance in ash (Fraxinusspp.) to emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennisFairmaire)

Stack

Sadof

Ginzel

2018

Agri and Forest Entomology

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“…This framework could New Forests (2017) 48:301-316 313 be applied to other at risk tree species as well, including those identified in species-level conservation assessments that categorize and prioritize species based on threat vulnerabilities (e.g., Potter et al 2017, this issue). Two species threatened by insects and their respective pathogens that seem suitable for such an analysis are butternut (Juglans cinerea L.), which is being killed by butternut canker (Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum) (Rink 1990), and green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall), which is being decimated by emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) (Tanis and McCullough 2015).…”

Section: Genetic Diversity Implications and Future Effortsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prioritizing conservation seed banking locations for imperiled hemlock species using multi-attribute frontier mapping

et al. 2017

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Hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand) (HWA) is an invasive forest insect sweeping across the native range of eastern (Tsuga canadensis [L.] Carr.) and Carolina (Tsuga caroliniana Engelm.) hemlocks, threatening to severely reduce eastern hemlock extent and to push Carolina hemlock to extirpation. HWA poses a significant threat to these eastern US natives, now infesting hemlocks across 19 states and more than 400 counties. For the long-term preservation of the species, ex situ genetic resource conservation efforts such as seed collection, storage, and adelgid-resistant hemlock breeding may all be necessary. To ensure the efficient and effective application of these efforts, it will be necessary to prioritize locations within the native ranges, because it is logistically impossible to apply these efforts to all populations. To build upon 12 years of seed banking for eastern and Carolina hemlock, we applied a novel approach for incorporating multiple dissimilar data sets into a geographic prioritization of areas for the most effective and efficient conservation of genetic diversity. The approach involves integration of geographic information systems with the multi-attribute frontier mapping technique to Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (identify locations across the ranges of these two imperiled species most in need of conservation actions. Specifically, our assessment incorporated four genetic diversity parameters, a climate component, a measure of population disjunctiveness, a measure of local hemlock abundance, and seed collection density to prioritize areas of eastern and Carolina hemlock occurrence for ex situ gene conservation. For each species, the result was a mapped index of locations prioritized by the combined significance of these factors. For eastern hemlock, this assessment assigned the highest priority to disjunct populations and to some areas within the main-body range. With Carolina hemlock, disjunct northern populations and central main-body locations received the highest prioritization. Our prioritization approach could be applied similarly to other species facing pressure from invasive pests or other environmental threats.

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“…The percentage of mortality in natural populations can exceed 99 % in highly infested stands in Michigan and regeneration is extremely limited [74]. So far, all North American ash species in contact with EAB seem to be susceptible [73,75,76] though blue ash (Fraxinus quadrangulata) to a lower degree [77]. Asian ash species, especially Fraxinus mandshurica show distinct, induced, and constitutive phloem chemistry and appear more resistant to EAB, mainly because female EAB avoid healthy trees for oviposition (reviewed by Villari et al [12]).…”

Section: The Emerald Ash Borermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Natural Evolutionary Potential of Tree Populations to Cope with Newly Introduced Pests and Pathogens—Lessons Learned From Forest Health Catastrophes in Recent Decades

et al. 2016

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Emerging diseases often originate from host shifts of introduced pests or pathogens. Genetic resistance of the host to such diseases might be limited or absent due to the lack of coevolutionary history. We review six examples of major disease outbreaks on native tree species caused by different introduced pests and pathogens that led to large ecological and economical losses. In all six cases, high tree mortality was observed in natural populations with some surviving individuals exhibiting varying levels of genetic resistance. The abundance and distribution of resistant individuals and the heritability of resistance traits varies substantially among the cases. While chestnut blight wilt combined with ink disease has virtually eliminated mature Castanea dentata trees from North America, other severe emerging diseases, such as the ash dieback, have left many surviving trees and genetic variation in resistance to such diseases has been documented. We argue that the evolutionary potential of tree species to respond to new emerging diseases should not be underestimated. However, the risk of increased levels of inbreeding and loss of genetic diversity caused by low population sizes is a major concern. Maintenance of broad genetic diversity is an important issue in conservation and forestry management. We expect that future research targeting the genetic background of biotic resistance towards emerging diseases and the role of endophytic communities in protecting trees will facilitate the informed and science-based guidance required to manage and maintain forests with high resilience. International cooperation on limiting disease spread and the provision of early invasive pest or pathogen detection systems are essential.

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Host Resistance of Five Fraxinus Species to Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) and Effects of Paclobutrazol and Fertilization

Cited by 42 publications

References 40 publications

Effects of grafting on host plant resistance in ash (Fraxinusspp.) to emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennisFairmaire)

Effects of grafting on host plant resistance in ash (Fraxinusspp.) to emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennisFairmaire)

Prioritizing conservation seed banking locations for imperiled hemlock species using multi-attribute frontier mapping

The Natural Evolutionary Potential of Tree Populations to Cope with Newly Introduced Pests and Pathogens—Lessons Learned From Forest Health Catastrophes in Recent Decades

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