Host Response to Leptospira Infection

Zuerner, Richard L.

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-45059-8_9

Cited by 35 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 156 publications

(194 reference statements)

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“…Several studies have evaluated a number of doses of different Leptospira interrogans serovars injected intraperitoneally into mice of different strains and ages (10)(11)(12)14). Intraperitoneal infectious doses ranging from 10 3 to 10 9 have been used in mice aged 3 to 14 weeks (27)(28)(29)(30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The outcome of the disease is greatly influenced by the pathogen serovar and the host's age and species (8)(9)(10)(11). The ensuing immune response and inflammation may lead to bacterial clearance, limited bacterial colonization of a few target organs, or the induction of sepsis as the host succumbs to infection and dies (12). Thus, accidental hosts infected with pathogenic strains of Leptospira may develop conditions ranging from a mild febrile illness to a potentially fatal acute infection.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Eyedrop Inoculation Causes Sublethal Leptospirosis in Mice

et al. 2017

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Leptospirosis is potentially a fatal zoonosis acquired by contact of skin and mucosal surfaces with soil and water contaminated with infected urine. We analyzed the outcome of infection of C3H/HeJ mice with Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni using an enzootic mode of transmission, the conjunctival route. Infection led to weight loss and L. interrogans dissemination from blood to urine, and spirochetes were detected in blood and urine simultaneously. The infectious dose that led to consistent dissemination to kidney after conjunctival infection was ϳ10 8 leptospires. Interestingly, a lower number of spirochetes appeared to colonize the kidney, given that we quantified ϳ10 5 and ϳ10 leptospires per l of urine and per g of kidney, respectively. Leptospira-specific IgM and IgG were detected at 15 days postinfection, and isotyping of the Ig subclass showed that the total IgG response switched from an IgG1 response to an IgG3 response after infection with L. interrogans. Histological periodic acid-Schiff D staining of infected kidney showed interstitial nephritis, mononuclear cell infiltrates, and reduced size of glomeruli. Quantification of proinflammatory immunomediators in kidney showed that keratinocyte-derived chemokine, macrophage inflammatory protein 2, RANTES, tumor necrosis factor alpha, gamma interferon, and interleukin-10 were upregulated in infected mice. We show that the kinetics of disease progression after infection via the ocular conjunctiva is delayed compared with infection via the standard intraperitoneal route. Differences may be related to the number of L. interrogans spirochetes that succeed in overcoming the natural defenses of the ocular conjunctiva and transit through tissue.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Eyedrop Inoculation Causes Sublethal Leptospirosis in Mice

et al. 2017

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“…Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by a variety of host receptors activates the immune system. The outcome of this response may result in bacterial clearance, limited bacterial colonization of a few target organs, or induction of sepsis as the host succumbs to infection and dies (12). Thus, leptospirosis may appear as an acute, potentially fatal infection in accidental hosts or progress into a chronic, largely asymptomatic infection in natural reservoir hosts.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Most studies have been conducted in golden Syrian hamsters, a species particularly susceptible to acute infection (12,13), with only a few studies focusing on the natural reservoir host. The rat is the accepted experimental natural reservoir host used to study chronic leptospirosis, as rats shed significant numbers of Leptospira organisms in their urine for at least 6 months postinfection (14)(15)(16)(17).…”

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Mouse Model for Sublethal Leptospira interrogans Infection

et al. 2015

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bAlthough Leptospira can infect a wide range of mammalian species, most studies have been conducted in golden Syrian hamsters, a species particularly sensitive to acute disease. Chronic disease has been well characterized in the rat, one of the natural reservoir hosts. Studies in another asymptomatic reservoir host, the mouse, have occasionally been done and have limited infection to mice younger than 6 weeks of age. We analyzed the outcome of sublethal infection of C3H/HeJ mice older than age 10 weeks with Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni. Infection led to bloodstream dissemination of Leptospira, which was followed by urinary shedding, body weight loss, hypothermia, and colonization of the kidney by live spirochetes 2 weeks after infection. In addition, Leptospira dissemination triggered inflammation in the kidney but not in the liver or lung, as determined by increased levels of mRNA transcripts for the keratinocyte-derived chemokine, RANTES, macrophage inflammatory protein 2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1␤, inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-6, and gamma interferon in kidney tissue. The acquired humoral response to Leptospira infection led to the production of IgG mainly of the IgG1 subtype. Flow cytometric analysis of splenocytes from infected mice revealed that cellular expansion was primarily due to an increase in the levels of CD4؉ and double-negative T cells (not CD8؉ cells) and that CD4 ؉ T cells acquired a CD44 high CD62L low effector phenotype not accompanied by increases in memory T cells. A mouse model for sublethal Leptospira infection allows understanding of the bacterial and host factors that lead to immune evasion, which can result in acute or chronic disease or resistance to infection (protection).

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“…Las cepas patógenas de Leptospira interrogans poseen capacidad de infectar a un amplio número de hospederos que incluyen al hombre y animales, causando enfermedad que cursa con cuadro clínico agudo, algunas veces fatal, en los hospederos accidentales, o crónico asintomático en los hospederos que actúan como reservorios naturales (Zuerner, 2015). La progresión del cuadro clínico depende principalmente del serovar infectante y de la especie hospedera (Radostits et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Frecuencia y Riesgo de Infección de Leptospirosis Bovina en Dos Establos Lecheros de la Costa y Sierra Peruana

A.¹,

A.²,

L.³

et al. 2017

Rev. investig. vet. Perú

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El estudio tuvo por objetivo determinar la frecuencia y riesgo de infección de leptospirosis bovina en establos lecheros de la costa y sierra peruana. Se obtuvieron 88 muestras de sangre en un establo de la zona de Lima (costa) y 163 muestras en un establo de la zona de Huancayo (sierra). Las muestras fueron analizadas mediante la prueba de microaglutinación para detectar anticuerpos frente a los serovares canicola, pomona, icterohaemorrhagiae y hardjo. Se encontraron seroprevalencias de 14.8 y 12.3% en los establos de Lima y Huancayo, respectivamente, siendo el serovar icterohaemorrhagiae el único detectado en Lima y los serovares icterohaemorrhagiae y hardjo en Huancayo.

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Host Response to Leptospira Infection

Cited by 35 publications

References 156 publications

Eyedrop Inoculation Causes Sublethal Leptospirosis in Mice

Eyedrop Inoculation Causes Sublethal Leptospirosis in Mice

Mouse Model for Sublethal Leptospira interrogans Infection

Frecuencia y Riesgo de Infección de Leptospirosis Bovina en Dos Establos Lecheros de la Costa y Sierra Peruana

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