Host specificity in phylogenetic and geographic space

Poulin, Robert; Krasnov, Boris R.; Mouillot, David

doi:10.1016/j.pt.2011.05.003

Cited by 286 publications

(330 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…PD is the sum of all phylogenetic branch lengths connecting species in a community and was implemented as a measure of host specificity (Poulin, Krasnov, & Mouillot, 2011). For each parasitoid species, we first calculated the PD of its hosts as a sum of all branch lengths connecting the focal set of its host species in a phylogenetic tree (Supporting Information Table S2, Figure S1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical canopy gradient shaping the stratification of leaf‐chewer–parasitoid interactions in a temperate forest

Šigut

Šigutová

Šipoš

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Knowledge about herbivores and their parasitoids in forest canopies remains limited, despite their diversity and ecological importance. Thus, it is important to understand the factors that shape the herbivore–parasitoid community structure, particularly the effect of vertical gradient. We investigated a quantitative community dataset of exposed and semiconcealed leaf‐chewing larvae and their parasitoids along a vertical canopy gradient in a temperate forest. We sampled target insects using an elevated work platform in a 0.2 ha broadleaf deciduous forest plot in the Czech Republic. We analyzed the effect of vertical position among three canopy levels (first [lowest], second [middle], and third [highest]) and tree species on community descriptors (density, diversity, and parasitism rate) and food web structure. We also analyzed vertical patterns in density and parasitism rate between exposed and semiconcealed hosts, and the vertical preference of the most abundant parasitoid taxa in relation to their host specificity. Tree species was an important determinant of all community descriptors and food web structure. Insect density and diversity varied with the vertical gradient, but was only significant for hosts. Both host guilds were most abundant in the second level, but only the density of exposed hosts declined in the third level. Parasitism rate decreased from the first to third level. The overall parasitism rate did not differ between guilds, but semiconcealed hosts suffered lower parasitism in the third level. Less host‐specific taxa (Ichneumonidae, Braconidae) operated more frequently lower in the canopy, whereas more host‐specific Tachinidae followed their host distribution. The most host‐specific Chalcidoidea preferred the third level. Vertical stratification of insect density, diversity, and parasitism rate was most pronounced in the tallest tree species. Therefore, our study contradicts the general paradigm of weak arthropod stratification in temperate forest canopies. However, in the network structure, vertical variation might be superseded by variation among tree species.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical canopy gradient shaping the stratification of leaf‐chewer–parasitoid interactions in a temperate forest

Šigut

Šigutová

Šipoš

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Further work to determine and understand the virome of bats and expand the list of known host-virus associations will continue to shed light on the geographic, functional, and temporal dynamics of viral infection across multiple bat species [67], as well as identify spatial gaps in viral surveillance. Standardized field surveillance in targeted sites are beginning to fill these gaps [23].…”

Section: Caveats and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Analysis of Viral Richness and Viral Sharing in Cave-Roosting Bats

2017

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Caves provide critical roosting habitats for bats globally, but are increasingly disturbed or destroyed by human activities such as tourism and extractive industries. In addition to degrading the habitats of cave-roosting bats, such activities often promote contact between humans and bats, which may have potential impacts on human health. Cave-roosting bats are hosts to diverse viruses, some of which emerged in humans with severe consequences (e.g., severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and Marburg virus). Characterizing patterns of viral richness and sharing among bat species are therefore important first steps for understanding bat-virus dynamics and mitigating future bat-human spillover. Here we compile a database of bat-virus associations and bat species ecological traits, and investigate the importance of roosting behavior as a determinant of viral richness and viral sharing among bat species. We show that cave-roosting species do not host greater viral richness, when accounting for publication bias, diet, body mass, and geographic range size. Our global analyses, however, show that cave-roosting bats do exhibit a greater likelihood of viral sharing, especially those documented in the literature as co-roosting in the same cave. We highlight the importance of caves as critical foci for bat conservation, as well as ideal sites for longitudinal surveillance of bat-virus dynamics.

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“…Depending on the quantity and quality of available knowledge, those different components may be singly explored, or in their interactions (Poulin et al 2011). A simple analysis of the structural and phylogenetic components of host specificity indicates a lower specificity in L. formicarum (Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A simple analysis of the structural and phylogenetic components of host specificity indicates a lower specificity in L. formicarum (Table 2). The low host phylogenetic specificity in L. formicarum -sensu Poulin et al 2011 -is the exception, rather than the rule, with host-Laboulbeniales relationships (Tavares, 1985;Weir & Hammond, 1997). Geographic specificity is likely low in L. camponoti as shows its detection on three Camponotus (C. aethiops, C. pilicornis, C. sylvaticus) at a single organic citrus grove in La Selva del Camp (Tarragona, Spain ; 41º13'07"N, 01º08'35"E) (unpub.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ant-fungus Interactions: Laboulbenia camponoti Batra in Italy and a New Host for L. formicarum Thaxter (Fungi: Ascomycota, Laboulbeniales)

Gómez¹,

Espadaler

Santamaria

2016

Sociobiology

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One Laboulbenia species is added to the checklist of Italian fungi. Laboulbenia camponoti was detected on the ant Camponotus aethiops. Additionally, L. formicarum was found on a new host (Lasius niger) in France. An updated map of world distribution for the two Laboulbenia is presented. Based on present knowledge, L. camponoti shows a much higher structural and phylogenetic host specificity than L. formicarum.

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Host specificity in phylogenetic and geographic space

Cited by 286 publications

References 65 publications

Vertical canopy gradient shaping the stratification of leaf‐chewer–parasitoid interactions in a temperate forest

Vertical canopy gradient shaping the stratification of leaf‐chewer–parasitoid interactions in a temperate forest

A Comparative Analysis of Viral Richness and Viral Sharing in Cave-Roosting Bats

Ant-fungus Interactions: Laboulbenia camponoti Batra in Italy and a New Host for L. formicarum Thaxter (Fungi: Ascomycota, Laboulbeniales)

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