Host Utilization by the Walnut Fly,<i>Rhagoletis juglandis</i>(Diptera: Tephritidae)

Papaj, Daniel R.; Alonso-Pimentel, Henar

doi:10.1603/0046-225x-29.5.994

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Re‐use in the field occurs to such an extent that such information would be useful to females. Because females actively re‐use hosts in the field, after 4–5 days a fruit may contain 45 eggs (1 clutch = 16 eggs), and it is not unusual to find fruit into which females deposited 80 or more eggs (Nufio et al ., 2000; C.R. Nufio & D.R.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the shifting benefits and costs associated with re‐using a host, females would seem to benefit from a sensitivity to the accumulating costs associated with re‐using a host, a sensitivity that was detected in the field cage assays. In the field, there also appears to be a relationship between fruit size and infestation levels, a pattern that suggests that females are allocating clutches in a way that minimises competition (Nufio et al ., 2000; C.R. Nufio & D.R.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rhagoletis juglandis is a member of the walnut‐infesting Rhagoletis suavis group (Bush, 1966). In southern Arizona, U.S.A., this species is found on the Arizona walnut Juglans major (Torrey), which occurs in montane canyons between 1200 and 2700 m. These flies are univoltine and females deposit clutches of 16 eggs (Nufio et al ., 2000) after piercing the fruit surface with their ovipositor and hollowing out a small cavity in the walnut husk. The larval stages feed on the husk of a single fruit, after which they emerge and pupate in the soil beneath the natal tree.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, while walnut flies may benefit from reusing larval hosts by being able to deposit more eggs in their life time and by being able to maximise the utilisation of available hosts (Nufio et al ., 2000), it is conceivable that the mark signals a cost associated with re‐use, specifically a cost in terms of losses in larval fitness associated with competition. Based on what might be termed the competition intensity signal hypothesis, a female's propensity to re‐use a previously exploited host is expected to decline with increasing levels of a marking pheromone, which should be correlated with numbers of eggs in the fruit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Host‐marking behaviour as a quantitative signal of competition in the walnut fly Rhagoletis juglandis

Nufio

Papaj²

2004

Ecological Entomology

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Abstract. 1. Walnut‐infesting flies in the Rhagoletis suavis species group actively re‐use hosts for oviposition despite engaging in a genus‐typical host‐marking behaviour which, in other Rhagoletis groups, deters oviposition. In a study of the walnut fly, R. juglandis (Cresson), alternative hypotheses for the putative marking behaviour were evaluated. 2. The oviposition site attraction hypothesis proposes that the host mark guides females to oviposition sites on occupied fruit. The competition intensity signal hypothesis proposes that the host mark is an indicator of the level of competition to be incurred if fruit are re‐used. 3. In a field cage, females were presented simultaneously with fruit previously exposed to 25 females that were also allowed to oviposit and engage in the putative marking behaviour, and control fruit on which females were allowed only to oviposit. The occurrence of host marking reduced a female's propensity to oviposit from 46% to just over 10%, consistent with the competition intensity signal hypothesis only. 4. In a laboratory assay, the duration of host marking was correlated positively with the size of a female's clutch. This result, also consistent with the competition intensity signal hypothesis, suggests that the amount of marking pheromone on a fruit is a reliable indicator of the number of eggs already deposited within. 5. In a second field‐cage experiment, females were allowed to mark on fruit for 0, 10, 20, or 30 min and fruit were presented to test females. Whether or not females alighted on a particular host was not affected by the duration of marking; however, the frequency of both ovipositor probing and egg deposition decreased with increasing duration of marking. Consistent with the competition intensity signal hypothesis, this result suggests that the host mark permits females to assess the level of competition that a clutch will incur within re‐used fruit.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Host‐marking behaviour as a quantitative signal of competition in the walnut fly Rhagoletis juglandis

Nufio

Papaj²

2004

Ecological Entomology

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“…The walnut‐infesting tephritid fly, Rhagoletis juglandis , is appropriate for this study in several ways. First, as in other tephritids, females behave in a number of ways so as to minimize competition suffered by their young (Henneman & Papaj 1999; Nufio et al . 2000; Nufio & Papaj 2004a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovarian dynamics in relation to host quality in the Walnut‐infesting Fly, Rhagoletis juglandis

Papaj

2005

Functional Ecology

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Summary 1.Reproductive behaviour is routinely studied with a view towards characterizing how an animal responds to variation in resource abundance and quality. This characterization is less commonly made with respect to reproductive physiology. 2. In the Walnut-infesting Fly, Rhagoletis juglandis , ovarian development is cued by the presence of the host fruit resource. In this study, I examined how ovarian development was affected by two host characteristics that relate to competition in the juvenile stages: fruit size and presence of conspecific larvae. 3. Large fruit promoted egg maturation more than small fruit, and uninfested fruit promoted maturation more than larval-infested fruit. Both effects were reproduced with artificial models of fruit. 4. The functional significance of these effects and ramifications for individual-level dynamics in oviposition behaviour are discussed.

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Superparasitism of larval hosts by the walnut fly, Rhagoletis juglandis, and its implications for female and offspring performance

Nufio

Papaj

2004

Oecologia

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The oviposition-preference-offspring-performance hypothesis predicts that female insects should prefer to deposit clutches on or in hosts that maximize offspring performance. An important assumption behind this prediction is that female fitness is tightly correlated with the fitness of any one offspring. In this study, we evaluate offspring performance in the walnut fly, Rhagoletis juglandis Cresson (Diptera: Tephritidae), in relation to a previously described oviposition preference for previously exploited host fruit. In particular, we examined how superparasitism of walnut hosts influences offspring survival and weight at pupation under field conditions. We found that superparasitism was common and that increases in larval densities within fruit were associated with reduced larval survival and weight at pupation. In a laboratory experiment, female size was correlated with lifetime fecundity. In this system, oviposition preference is therefore negatively, not positively, correlated with offspring performance. We argue that patterns of female preference in this system reflect direct benefits to females that are traded off against costs in terms of offspring fitness. Because female fitness is a product not only of offspring quality but also of the total number of offspring produced, female walnut flies may be optimizing their fitness by producing many less fecund offspring. Studies examining the preference-performance hypothesis should consider the reproductive conflicts between parents and offspring as potential factors that influence the congruence between parental preference and offspring performance.

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Host Utilization by the Walnut Fly,Rhagoletis juglandis(Diptera: Tephritidae)

Cited by 13 publications

References 19 publications

Host‐marking behaviour as a quantitative signal of competition in the walnut fly Rhagoletis juglandis

Host‐marking behaviour as a quantitative signal of competition in the walnut fly Rhagoletis juglandis

Ovarian dynamics in relation to host quality in the Walnut‐infesting Fly, Rhagoletis juglandis

Superparasitism of larval hosts by the walnut fly, Rhagoletis juglandis, and its implications for female and offspring performance

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