Host–Virus Interaction: How Host Cells Defend against Influenza A Virus Infection

Zhang, Yun; Xu, Zhichao; Cao, Yongchang

doi:10.3390/v12040376

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 237 publications

(271 reference statements)

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“…The body's natural defense mechanism of inflammation which promotes cell repair and healing [107] was mimicked in our wdNHBE model, with the increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as TNF, IL1B, IL6, CXCL8 and CXCL10. This suggests that wdNHBE cells recognize IAV and poly(I:C) through binding to pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as the Toll-like receptors (TLR3, TLR7, and TLR8), retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation-associated protein-5 (MDA-5), triggering innate immune response signaling cascades as occurs in vivo [22,54,55,[108][109][110][111][112][113][114]. Antiviral, pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are then upregulated in the host [27,56,115].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They form AJCs, exhibit ion transport, mucus secretion and mucociliary clearance [ 25 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ]. wdNHBE cells also produce host–pathogen responses when exposed to respiratory viruses, such as the production of antiviral, immune and pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules [ 52 , 53 ], as occurs in the host in vivo (reviewed in: [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 27 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ]). The response of airway epithelial cells (from different donors, cell preparations, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Host–Pathogen Responses to Pandemic Influenza H1N1pdm09 in a Human Respiratory Airway Model

Pharo

Williams

Boyd

et al. 2020

Viruses

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The respiratory Influenza A Viruses (IAVs) and emerging zoonotic viruses such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pose a significant threat to human health. To accelerate our understanding of the host–pathogen response to respiratory viruses, the use of more complex in vitro systems such as normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cell culture models has gained prominence as an alternative to animal models. NHBE cells were differentiated under air-liquid interface (ALI) conditions to form an in vitro pseudostratified epithelium. The responses of well-differentiated (wd) NHBE cells were examined following infection with the 2009 pandemic Influenza A/H1N1pdm09 strain or following challenge with the dsRNA mimic, poly(I:C). At 30 h postinfection with H1N1pdm09, the integrity of the airway epithelium was severely impaired and apical junction complex damage was exhibited by the disassembly of zona occludens-1 (ZO-1) from the cell cytoskeleton. wdNHBE cells produced an innate immune response to IAV-infection with increased transcription of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and the antiviral viperin but reduced expression of the mucin-encoding MUC5B, which may impair mucociliary clearance. Poly(I:C) produced similar responses to IAV, with the exception of MUC5B expression which was more than 3-fold higher than for control cells. This study demonstrates that wdNHBE cells are an appropriate ex-vivo model system to investigate the pathogenesis of respiratory viruses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host–Pathogen Responses to Pandemic Influenza H1N1pdm09 in a Human Respiratory Airway Model

Pharo

Williams

Boyd

et al. 2020

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In the past ten years, the large-scale outbreaks of SARS, MERs, H1N1, H7N9 and other viruses have brought serious harm to human life and health (Atkin-Smith G.K et al, 2018). The "cytokine storm" triggered by in uenza virus infection can cause lung in ammation and acute respiratory distress syndrome, which is an important reason for mortality (Zhang Y et al, 2020;Xiaoyong C et al, 2018). So far, the prevention and control of in uenza virus remains a worldwide problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virucidal activity of Moringa A from Moringa oleifera seeds against Influenza A Viruses by regulating TFEB

Xiong

Rajoka

Mehwish

et al. 2021

International Immunopharmacology

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Background In uenza A viruses (IAVs) are highly contagious pathogens infecting human and numerous animals. The viruses cause millions of infection cases and thousands of deaths every year, thus making IAVs a continual threat to global health. Methods Moringa A was isolated from Moringa oleifera seeds and tested for antiviral activity against H1N1. The antiviral activity of Moringa A was tested by checking their effect on hemagglutination and PFU activities of the studied virus, and the cytopathic effect was observed too. Additionally, the different types of treatment experiments were performed to complement the analysis of the antiviral activity of Moringa A, and the contents of in ammatory cytokines and the expression of TFEB were detected. Results Moringa A inhibits virus replication in host cells, and it protects infected cells from cytopathic effect induced by IAVs. The EC50 and EC90 value of Moringa A for IAVs were 1.27 and 5.30 μM, respectively. The different types of treatment experiments revealed that Moringa A has a signi cant inhibitory effect on the IAVs both before and after drug addition. What's more, Moringa A was observed to decrease the levels of in ammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and IFN-β in H1N1 infected RAW264.7 cells. Finaly, Moringa A was found to inhibit the expression and nuclear transfer of the cellular protein transcription factor EB (TFEB), and weaken the autophagy in infected cells, which could be an important antiviral mechnism of Moringa A. Conclusions Moringa A has potent antiviral activity against IVAs, which could be due to the autophagy inhibition property.

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“…SARS-CoV-2 infection was identi ed to activate the host innate immune system via the bindings of its spike glycoprotein (S-protein) to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) [32,33], which engaged macrophages and monocytes to release cytokines and enhanced adaptive T and B cell immune response [34]. While in uenza infection is initiated by adhesion of hemagglutinin (HA) to sialic acids on the epithelial cells, followed with activation of innate immune signaling and further production of cytokines via host pathogen recognition receptors (PRPs) [35,36]. Further gene expression analyses have identi ed the expression pattern of cytokines, cytokine receptors, as well as transcription factors in COVID-19 patients, which quite differs from that of in uenza A infected patients [37,38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences on Pyrexia Related Immune Responses between SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza-A-infected Children: A Retrospective Study

Kou

Zhan

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: The ongoing pandemic of COVID‐19 has led to an unprecedented global crisis with problems of fragmentation in healthcare services in many severely affected countries. A key issue is distinguishing the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 from other respiratory infectious disease, especially in children and teens.Methods: To provide precise and comprehensive information on SARS-CoV-2 infected children, a total 62 hospitalized patients, aged from 1 to 14 years old and confirmed with the infection of either SARS-CoV-2 or influenza A virus, were enrolled from September 2019 to February 2020. The epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics, as well as the outcomes of these pediatric patients were collected, followed by comparisons and regression analysis on clinical features and hematological parameters among the COVID-19 patients and the flu patients.Results: We reported that SARS-CoV-2 infected children showed less fever (43.33% vs 100%, p<0.001) with mild elevation of the body temperature (p<0.001), as well as attenuated inflammatory responses in comparison with patients with influenza A infection. We further showed the significant correlations between initial body temperature and multiple immune parameters (white blood cell counts and inflammatory markers) among SARS-CoV-2 infected children. Conclusions: Children with SARS-CoV-2 infection were more likely to have mild symptoms and relatively slow progression with a hypo-inflammatory response. Furthermore, the correlation results suggested that distinct immune responses were involved during SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Host–Virus Interaction: How Host Cells Defend against Influenza A Virus Infection

Cited by 23 publications

References 237 publications

Host–Pathogen Responses to Pandemic Influenza H1N1pdm09 in a Human Respiratory Airway Model

Host–Pathogen Responses to Pandemic Influenza H1N1pdm09 in a Human Respiratory Airway Model

Virucidal activity of Moringa A from Moringa oleifera seeds against Influenza A Viruses by regulating TFEB

Differences on Pyrexia Related Immune Responses between SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza-A-infected Children: A Retrospective Study

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