Hot and bothered? Associations between temperature and crime in Australia

Stevens, Heather; Beggs, Paul J.; Graham, Petra L.; Chang, Hsing-Chung

doi:10.1007/s00484-019-01689-y

Cited by 50 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Likewise, in summer people spend more time outdoors and therefore their property is more accessible to potential off enders (Carbone-Lopez & Lauritsen, 2013). Stevens, Beggs, Graham, and Chang (2019) found a higher incidence of thefts in summer, and since this research was done in Australia, the reasons found are in the economic needs associated with Christmas holidays. Andresen and Malleson (2013) also found a higher number of thefts in summer, as did McDowall et al (2012), with a peak in August.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…All preventive activities undertaken by police and other stakeholders should take into account the seasonal character of crime in order to maximize the eff ects of implemented policies or measures (Andresen & Malleson, 2013). Understanding the seasonal characteristics of crime can help law enforcement agencies to allocate police offi cers in specifi c periods of time (Carbone-Lopez & Lauritsen, 2013) and thus to provide adequate resources to respond to crime, such as additional police offi cers during the summer or other season (Stevens et al, 2019). Th is issue has become especially important during the economic recession, since in some countries the number of police offi cers has decreased and existing resources should be used in the most effi cient way (Haberman et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonality of crime in Croatia

Mataković

2020

Tourism (Zagreb, Online)

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Peace, safety, and security are the primary conditions for successful tourism development and security threats such as terrorism, crime or potential war conflicts can strongly affect tourism. Of these threats, crime is the most widespread. Certain types of crime are seasonal and some criminal offences are more often committed at a particular time of the year, week or day. The aim of this paper is to determine whether there is a connection between the seasonality of crime and tourism in Croatia. In order to achieve this aim, the correlation analysis was applied on monthly data from 2007 to 2018, using Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient to measure the strength of the relationship between crime and tourism. The analysis covered reported criminal offences that may be related to tourism. The conducted analysis found a statistically significant correlation between the tourist arrivals and stays and almost all types of reported criminal offences, and this correlation was stronger for property crimes and weaker for violent crimes. The obtained results can help law enforcement agencies to allocate police officers in specific periods of time and thus to provide adequate resources to respond to crime, such as additional police officers during the summer or other seasons.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonality of crime in Croatia

Mataković

2020

Tourism (Zagreb, Online)

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“…There is a higher risk of transport disruption, which is expected to increase with climate change (Palin et al 2013;CCC 2017). Also, there is a link between extreme temperatures and changes to human behaviour leading to increased violent crime (Field 1992;Horrocks and Menclova 2011;Mares 2013;Ranson 2014;Stevens et al 2019;Xu et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future changes to high impact weather in the UK

et al. 2021

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High impact weather events such as extreme temperatures or rainfall can cause significant disruption across the UK affecting sectors such as health, transport, agriculture and energy. In this study we draw on the latest set of UK climate projections, UKCP, to examine metrics relating to high-impact weather over the UK and how these change with different levels of future global warming from 1.5 °C to 4 °C above pre-industrial. The changes to these hazards show increases in the frequency of extremely hot days and nights, with a UK average increase in hot days of between 5 and 39 days per year between 1.5 °C and 4 °C of global warming. Projections indicate an increase in cooling degree days of 134–627% and an increase in growing degree days of 19–60% between 1.5 °C and 4 °C of global warming. Extremely hot nights, which are currently rare, are emerging as more common occurrences. The frequency of high daily temperatures and rainfall increase systematically, while the frequency of very cold conditions (based on days where temperatures fall below 0 °C) is shown to decrease by 10 to 49 days per year. A reduction in heating degree days, of 11–32% between 1.5 °C and 4 °C of warming, is projected. Levels of daily rainfall, which currently relate to increased risk of river flooding, are shown to increase across the country, with increases of days with high impact levels of rainfall occurring by 1 to 8 days per year between 1.5 °C and 4 °C of warming. Average drought severity is projected to increase for 3-, 6-, 12- and 36-month-long droughts. The largest changes in the severity of the 12-month drought are between −3 and +19% between 1.5 °C and 4 °C of warming and for 36-month drought between −2 and +54% between 1.5 °C and 4 °C of warming. The projected future changes in high impact weather from this study will enable the characterization of climate risks and ultimately be able to better inform adaptation planning in different sectors to support the increase in resilience of the UK to future climate variability and change.

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“…Research in criminology has identified a correlation between crime rates and temperatures worldwide, including countries such as China, Japan, the United States, India, and Australia (e.g., Blakeslee & Fishman, 2018;Hu, Chen, Huang, Sun & Li, 2017;Hu, Wu, Chen, Sun, & Li, 2017;Mares, 2013;Rotton & Cohn, 2003;Schinasi & Hamra, 2017;Sommer, Lee, & Bind, 2018;Stevens, Beggs, Graham, & Chang, 2019;Takahashi, 2017;Tiihonen, Halonen, Tiihonen, Kautiainen, Storvik, & Callaway, 2017). Most of these studies examined financial and violent crimes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat and fraud: Evaluating how room temperature influences fraud likelihood

Liu¹,

Yang²,

Yamada³

2020

Preprint

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Despite the considerable amount of research devoted to understanding fraud, few studies have examined how the physical environment can influence the likelihood of committing fraud. One recent study found a link between room brightness and occurrence of human fraud behaviors. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate how temperature may affect fraud. Based on a power analysis using the effect size observed in a pilot study, we recruited 105 participants and randomly divided them into three temperature groups (warm, medium, and cool). We then counted fraud behaviors in each group and tested for potential significant differences with a Kruskal-Wallis test. Additionally, we used a correlation analysis to determine whether the perceived temperature affected fraud. As a result, regardless of participants’ subjective sensory experience or their physical environment, we did not find that temperature-related factors influence the incidence of fraud. We discussed the potential reason for the results, and suggested directions for future research.

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Hot and bothered? Associations between temperature and crime in Australia

Cited by 50 publications

References 54 publications

Seasonality of crime in Croatia

Seasonality of crime in Croatia

Future changes to high impact weather in the UK

Heat and fraud: Evaluating how room temperature influences fraud likelihood

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