Hot bath for the treatment of chronic renal failure

Ye, Ting; Tu, Wei; Xu, Gaosi

doi:10.3109/0886022x.2013.832318

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…However, this explanation is mainly speculative and whether there are any beneficial effects of sauna exposure on renal function warrants further investigation. In a comprehensive review of the role of hot baths for the treatment of chronic renal failure, the authors concluded that hot baths had the potential to clear uremic toxins by skin eccrine sweating and decrease the frequency of adverse events in patients with chronic renal failure 37 . In a rodent model of chronic kidney disease, mild systemic thermal therapy was effective at ameliorating renal dysfunction 38 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a comprehensive review of the role of hot baths for the treatment of chronic renal failure, the authors concluded that hot baths had the potential to clear uremic toxins by skin eccrine sweating and decrease the frequency of adverse events in patients with chronic renal failure. 37 In a rodent model of chronic kidney disease, mild systemic thermal therapy was effective at ameliorating renal dysfunction. 38 Both observational and interventional evidence suggests that sauna reduces blood pressure and the risk of hypertension, which is a major risk factor for chronic kidney disease.…”

Section: Cross-sectional Association (Baseline)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sauna bathing, renal function and chronic kidney disease: Cross‐sectional and longitudinal findings from the KIHD study

Kunutsor

Kauhanen

Laukkanen

2023

Eur J Clin Investigation

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Background: It is uncertain if passive heat therapies are associated with adverse renal outcomes. We sought to evaluate the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of the frequency of sauna bathing with renal function measures and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Materials and Methods:Baseline self-reported sauna bathing habits were assessed in 2071 men aged 42-61 years with normal kidney function. Baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and serum levels of creatinine, potassium (K) and sodium (Na) were measured, with only 11-year measurements of K and Na 11 years in a random subset of participants due to logistical reasons. Study participants were followed up for CKD diagnosed using KDOQI guidelines, which were collected from the National Hospital Discharge Registry. The associations of frequency of sauna bathing with renal function measures were evaluated using regression analyses. Hazard ratios (HRs; 95% CIs) were estimated for CKD.Results: There were no significant changes in baseline levels of estimated GFR, creatinine and Na comparing 4-7 sauna sessions/week versus 1 sauna session/ week; there was a slight increase in K .05 mmoL/L (95% CI, .00, .10; p = .033).There were no significant changes in levels of serum K and Na at 11 years. After 25.7 years overall median follow-up, 188 CKD cases were recorded. Comparing 4-7 sauna sessions/week with 1 sauna session/week, there was no evidence of an association with CKD .84 (95% CI, .46-1.53; p = .56).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cross-sectional Association (Baseline)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sauna bathing, renal function and chronic kidney disease: Cross‐sectional and longitudinal findings from the KIHD study

Kunutsor

Kauhanen

Laukkanen

2023

Eur J Clin Investigation

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“…It involves a three step process where the sample is digested using concentrated sulphuric acid and with various catalysts, then the obtained ammonium salt is converted to ammonia followed by a distillation procedure and finally the dissolved ammonia is determined (Purificación et al 2013). In sweat, urea, uric acid, creatinine and ammonia contribute to the presence of nitrogen with respective concentrations of 22.2±8.0 mmol l −1 , 0.025±0.0007 mmol l −1 , 0.031±0.017 mmol l −1 and 6±3 mmol l −1 (Consolazio et al 1963, Ament et al 1997, Houltham and Rowlands 2014, Ye et al 2014. Any change in urea concentration will directly influence nitrogen concentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of sweat urea in diabetes using electro-optical technique

Singaram¹,

Ramakrishnan²,

Periasamy

2021

Physiol. Meas.

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OBJECTIVE: To develop a device for quantifying sweats urea concentration. APPROACH: The proposed optical device uses light source, light sensor with time and intensity controlled operation. Sweat samples are collected from a group of volunteers belonging to control and diabetes. After sedimentation and suitable pre-processing, sweat samples are irradiated by primary colour light sources operated sequentially. Reflected light intensity is used to compute the sweat urea concentration. At first the test is performed using aqueous solution with known urea concentration. After ascertaining the correctness of the device, the same test procedure is repeated for sweat samples collected from 90 volunteers (30 per group) belonging to controls, type II diabetes less than 5 years and type II diabetes for more than 5 years. MAIN RESULTS: Computed urea concentration when compared with standard lab techniques like UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and colorimeter, a correlation of 98% with error less than 3% is achieved. The results also demonstrate an elevation in sweat urea level with years of diabetes, in spite of the serum urea level being within limits. We extended the study on a few kidney disease subjects and observed the influence of blood glucose on urea. SIGNIFICANCES: Diabetic kidney disease is one result of prolonged elevation in blood glucose levels. When insulin secretion reduces, the serum urea level increases and vice versa is also true. Hence, monitoring urea level in blood is important in diabetic subjects. Any change in serum urea will have an impact on sweat urea concentration. Therefore, the proposed device can be used to measure sweat urea periodically, so that any change can be observed at an early stage and diabetic nephropathy could be prevented at large.

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“…As an ancient therapeutic method, Chinese herbal bath therapy (CHBT) has been used for thousands of years in China [14, 15]. In the early published Chinese medical works, such as “Prescriptions for fifty-two diseases” (202 B.C.-9 A.D.) and “Treatise on Cold Pathogenic and Miscellaneous Diseases” (200 A.D.- 210 A.D.), herbal bath therapy was frequently used [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Importantly, herbal bath therapy is still very popular in Asian countries today and is widely used to treat skin diseases, osteoarthritis diseases and some internal diseases, of which pruritus is especially responsive [16]. While traditional Chinese medicine doctors use herbal baths to relieve itching in patients with uraemia, the mechanism of the effect is not particularly clear [14, 17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chinese herbal bath therapy for the treatment of uremic pruritus: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Xue

Zhao

Yuan

et al. 2019

BMC Complement Altern Med

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Background Chinese herbal bath therapy (CHBT) is a traditional external therapy that has been used for the treatment of uremic pruritus (UP) in China. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CHBT for UP. Methods We searched seven databases for studies published since database inception to September 1, 2018. Randomized trials evaluating CHBT for UP were collected. The therapeutic effects of CHBT were measured by the pruritus level (via the visual analogue scale (VAS) or the symptom score scale) and the total effective rate. We combined studies using mean difference (MD) for continuous outcomes and using risk ratio for dichotomous data, both with 95% confidence intervals. RevMan V.5.3 software was used to assess the data reported and perform the meta-analysis. Results Seventeen articles including 970 patients were identified. All participants were haemodialysis (HD) patients. CHBT is administered by immersing the whole body in a prepared herbal water bath. On average, an herbal bath prescription included 11 Chinese herbs. The mean treatment duration was 4.7 weeks. Compared with basic treatment (HD or haemoperfusion (HP)) and adding a control of sham CHBT, clear hot water bath, or calamine lotion, CHBT plus basic treatment reduced the VAS score (MD = − 2.38; 95% confidence intervals [CI], − 3.02 to − 1.74; P < 0.00001) and the symptom score (MD = − 8.42; 95% confidence intervals [CI], − 12.47 to − 4.36; P < 0.00001) and had a higher total effectiveness rate (risk ratio [RR] = 1.46; 95% CI, 1.31 to 1.63; P < 0.00001). Conclusions In conclusion, CHBT could be a complementary therapy for improving pruritic symptoms in uraemia patients. More rigorously designed, multicentre, prospective RCTs are warranted to further identify the efficacy and safety of CHBT. Trial registration Systematic review registration: [PROSPERO registration: CRD42018108506 ]. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-019-2513-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Hot bath for the treatment of chronic renal failure

Cited by 8 publications

References 47 publications

Sauna bathing, renal function and chronic kidney disease: Cross‐sectional and longitudinal findings from the KIHD study

Sauna bathing, renal function and chronic kidney disease: Cross‐sectional and longitudinal findings from the KIHD study

Quantification of sweat urea in diabetes using electro-optical technique

Chinese herbal bath therapy for the treatment of uremic pruritus: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

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