Hot Deformation Behavior of TA1 Prepared by Electron Beam Cold Hearth Melting with a Single Pass

Abstract

The Gleeble-3800 thermal simulator was used for hot compression simulation to understand the hot deformation performance of TA1 prepared by the single-pass electron beam cold hearth (EB) process. The deformation degree is 50% on a thermal simulator when the temperature range is 700–900 °C, with a strain rate of 0.01–10−1 s. According to the thermal deformation data, the true stress-strain curve of TA1 was studied. Meanwhile, the constitutive model and processing map were established through the experimental data. These results indicate that the deformation temperature negatively affects strain rate and flow stress. The heat deformation activation energy of EB produced TA1 sample was lower than that of VAR produced TA1 sample in the studied range. The best processing areas of EB-produced TA1 were strain rates of 0.05–0.01 s−1, within 700–770 °C; or strain rates of 0.01–0.15 s−1; 840–900 °C. The results of this paper enrich the fundamental knowledge of the thermal deformation behavior of TA1 prepared by EB furnaces.

Microstructure Evolution and Deformation Behavior of High Strength Titanium Clad Steel Plate in the Thermal Compression

“…The dislocation density progressively increased during deformation, leading to the creation of a substructure and resulting in material softening. [ 20 ] The dynamic recovery (DRV) was caused with substructure and deformation increasing, [ 21,22 ] and the relationship between substructure and strain rate [ 23–25 ] is expressed as Equation (1)where d represents the mean diameter of the sub‐grain, while a and b are constants, and Z is the strain rate adjusted for temperature. Thus, this suggests that the Z value associated with a strain rate of 0.01 s −1 is about 1, leading to the initial rise and subsequent decline in the thickness of TM.…”

“…The dislocation density progressively increased during deformation, leading to the creation of a substructure and resulting in material softening. [20] The dynamic recovery (DRV) was caused with substructure and deformation increasing, [21,22] and the relationship between substructure and strain rate [23][24][25] is expressed as Equation ( 1)…”

“…At temperatures above 800 °C, the strength of the SM surpasses that of the TM. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] As a result, when the TCSP deformed, the TM was firstly compressed, and the WH rose rapidly within the TM according to the curve. [26] Therefore, after the TM underwent deformation to the extent that its hardness equaled that of the SM, the consistency of deformation was sustained across the whole sample.…”

Deformation mechanisms based on the multiscale molecular dynamics of a gradient TA1 titanium alloy

“…54 Dislocation density is inextricably linked to crystal strength. By using the dislocation density to characterize the total length of dislocation lines in the model per unit volume, the dislocation density is calculated as shown in eqn (2), where L and V are the total length of the dislocation line (Å) and the total volume of the sample (Å 3 ), respectively.…”

“…The TA1 (industrial pure titanium) titanium alloy is widely used in industries such as aerospace, defense, and marine engineering. [2][3][4] However, the opposing relationship between strength and ductility greatly limits its engineering application potential and value. By endowing the TA1 titanium alloy with a functional gradient structure, it is possible to obtain a new type of titanium alloy with high strength and high ductility.…”