Hot-Electron Transport in Polymeric Dielectrics

Pfluger, P.; Zeller, H. R.; Bernasconi, J.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.53.94

Cited by 56 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…As listed in Table 1, the EL inception fields for polybutadiene are very close to the SCLF determined with a guarded needle electrode [5]. This indicates that the EL starts from the same field at which the high carrier mobility begins which also corresponds to the initiation of the degradation of polymeric dielectrics by UV photons [3] or hot electrons [6]. As noted in Table 1, an assumed semicon tip radius of 0.8 μm results in better agreement between the threshold field as determined using a guarded needle and EL than does a 1 μm tip radius.…”

Section: Inception Fieldsupporting

confidence: 63%

Mechanism of high field electroluminesence and determination of the space charge limited field in polymeric dielectrics

Cao¹,

Boggs

2005

IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr. Insul.

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The mechanism of electroluminescence under inhomogeneous field conditions is investigated, as is the use of electroluminescence for determination of the space charge limited field. The latter investigation indicates that if the volume of polymer within the space charge limited field region is too small, the photon flux can be too low to permit accurate determination of the space charge limited field. Further, no means is available to assure that the photon flux is sufficient to assure accuracy.

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Section: Inception Fieldsupporting

confidence: 63%

Mechanism of high field electroluminesence and determination of the space charge limited field in polymeric dielectrics

Cao¹,

Boggs

2005

IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr. Insul.

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“…4). As has been discussed extensively in the literature, however, such an approach would be fundamentally flawed as it neglects the cascade of energy transfer down the eKE scale by scattering 4,54,57 . The exception is the topmost eKE interval from which electrons can only be lost.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exception is the topmost eKE interval from which electrons can only be lost. Studies on flat thin films have shown that accurate data can be extracted from eKEs distributions using this "topmost energy interval" method 4,54,57 . Applying it to the present case is, however, problematic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fig. 2b) scatter more pronouncedly than typical yields extracted from flat overlayers4,15,57 , which hints at a poorer reproducibility of the aerosol approach. The way how the coated aerosol particles are formed (atomizer, aerosol coating device), size-selected, and characterized (ex-situ with an SMPS), and the way how they are transferred into vacuum (ADL) are very likely to result in less reproducible samples compared with thin layers, where comparatively high control and thus high reproducibility is achievable.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

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Low-energy photoelectron transmission through aerosol overlayers

Amanatidis

Yoder

Signorell

2017

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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The transmission of low-energy (<1.8 eV) photoelectrons through the shell of core-shell aerosol particles is studied for liquid squalane, squalene, and di-ethyl-hexyl-sebacate shells. The photoelectrons are exclusively formed in the core of the particles by two-photon ionization. The total photoelectron yield recorded as a function of shell thicknesses (1-80 nm) shows a bi-exponential attenuation. For all substances, the damping parameter for shell thicknesses below 15 nm lies around 8 to 9 nm and is tentatively assigned to the electron attenuation length at electron kinetic energies of ≲1 eV. The significantly larger damping parameters for thick shells (>20 nm) are presumably a consequence of distorted core-shell structures. A first comparison of aerosol and traditional thin film overlayer methods is provided.

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“…The energy transfer to an electron a distance b from the track is proportional to 1/6 2 , and b has a lower bound b r » in = ze 2 /mv 2 , and an upper bound b max = ze 2 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comment on "Pyroelectric Materials as Electronic Pulse Detectors of Ultraheavy Nuclei"

Al‐Jishi

Petschek

et al. 1985

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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Simpson and Tuzzolino 1 (ST) have reported that polyvinylidene fluoride (PVF 2 ) can be used to detect individual energetic heavy nuclei such as uranium. They suggest a mechanism whereby an incident nucleus transfers to the sample an energy AE which appears as a heat pulse along the particle trajectory and spreads by heat conduction throughout the sample. The pyroelectricity of PVF 2 then produces charge A Q on surface electrodes. The calculated AQis 9.2AE/L, with Aisin megaelectronvolts, the sample thickness L in microns, and the charge in electron charges. In this Comment we suggest another contribution to the measured AQ-namely, the irreversible depolarization through melting of the material in a cylinder of radius -12 nm about the particle trajectory for A£-30 GeV.The standard theory of energy loss of heavy ions by electron excitation and ionization processes gives a reasonable account of the observed energy losses if the U ion is completely stripped of its electrons during its passage through the sample. The energy transfer to an electron a distance b from the track is proportional to 1/6 2 , and b has a lower bound b r » in = ze 2 /mv 2 , and anHere ze is the charge of the U ion, v its velocity, m the electron mass, and / the minimum energy that can be transferred to an electron; the last can be approximated by the energy gap of the polymeric insulator, which is roughly 10 eV. High-energy primary electrons first produce electron-hole pairs of lower energies; these, along with the primary electrons of lower energy, transfer their energy to the lattice via the electronphonon interaction. Experiments by Pfluger et al 2 on the polymeric dielectric polyethylene have shown thermalization to occur principally through electron-LOphonon scattering. The rate ha) LO y L at which an electron of energy E loses energy to the lattice by Frohlich scattering for E » ft(o LO is given by 3with m* the effective electron mass, co LO the LOphonon frequency, and e 0 and e^ the static and highfrequency dielectric constants, respectively. Since #w L0 -0.37 eV in PVF 2 it follows that a 10-eV electron has a mean free path of -0.8 nm and thus loses energy to the lattice in a cylindrical region of radius -2.5 nm around the nucleus trajectory. Because the energy transferred to an electron is proportional to l/b 2 , roughly j^ of the total energy ( -2.5 GeV) is lost by the nucleus to electrons with kinetic energies < 10 eV. The resulting temperature rise in the cylindrical region would be -10 000 K. Treating this initial heat pulse as a 8 function centered at the nucleus track, and solving the diffusion equation, we can calculate the volume V m of the small region of destroyed polarization, and the resulting charge PV m /L, where L is the sample thickness and P its polarization. We find A0 ^ 74A£'/L, where AE' is -^ of the total deposited energy. The contribution to the measured charge is thus at least y that of the pyroelectric effect caused by the uniform small rise in temperature in the rest of the sample. The measured pyroelectric c...

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Hot-Electron Transport in Polymeric Dielectrics

Cited by 56 publications

References 12 publications

Mechanism of high field electroluminesence and determination of the space charge limited field in polymeric dielectrics

Mechanism of high field electroluminesence and determination of the space charge limited field in polymeric dielectrics

Low-energy photoelectron transmission through aerosol overlayers

Comment on "Pyroelectric Materials as Electronic Pulse Detectors of Ultraheavy Nuclei"

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