Hot gaseous atmospheres of rotating galaxies observed with <i>XMM–Newton</i>

Juráňová, Anna; Werner, Norbert; Nulsen, Paul; Gaspari, M.; Lakhchaura, Kiran; Canning, R. E. A.; Donahue, M.; Hroch, Filip; Voit, G. Mark

doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3182

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…sive galaxies with rotating gas/disks show evidence of internal condensation (e.g., Juráňová et al 2019Juráňová et al , 2020. In our sample, rotating (sub-)kpc gas disks, revealed in CO emitting gas and dust extinction maps, are observed in three out of five systems that have a cold gas reservoir (see §4).…”

Section: External Origin Of the Cold Gasmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Indeed, cool gas can form and slowly accumulate in the central region because of the reduced feeding rate onto the SMBH due to the centrifugal barrier (Brighenti & Mathews 1996;Gaspari et al 2015). For example, Juráňová et al (2019Juráňová et al ( , 2020 find favorable conditions for the development of multiphase gas condensations (with C-ratio ∼ 1) in a sample of six massive ETGs with rotating gas, even with relatively large t cool /t ff ratios.…”

Section: Top-down Condensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Probing multiphase gas in local massive elliptical galaxies via multiwavelength observations

Temi,

Gaspari,

Brighenti

et al. 2022

Preprint

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We investigate the cold and warm gas content, kinematics, and spatial distribution of six local massive elliptical galaxies to probe the origin of the multiphase gas in their atmospheres. We report new observations, including SOFIA [CII], ALMA CO, MUSE Hα+[NII] and VLA radio observations. These are complemented by a large suite of multiwavelength archival datasets, including thermodynamical properties of the hot gas and radio jets, which are leveraged to investigate the role of AGN feeding/feedback in regulating the multiphase gas content. Our galaxy sample shows a significant diversity in cool gas content, spanning filamentary and rotating structures. In our non-central galaxies, the distribution of such gas is often concentrated, at variance with the more extended features observed in central galaxies. Misalignment between the multiphase gas and stars suggest that stellar mass loss is not the primary driver. A fraction of the cool gas might be acquired via galaxy interactions, but we do not find quantitative evidence of mergers in most of our systems. Instead, key evidence supports the origin via condensation out of the diffuse halo. Comparing with Chaotic Cold Accretion (CCA) simulations, we find that our cool gas-free galaxies are likely in the overheated phase of the self-regulated AGN cycle, while for our galaxies with cool gas the k-plot and AGN power correlation corroborate the phase of CCA feeding in which the condensation rain is triggering more vigorous AGN heating. The related C-ratio further shows that central/non-central galaxies are expected to generate an extended/inner rain, consistent with our sample.

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Section: External Origin Of the Cold Gasmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Top-down Condensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing multiphase gas in local massive elliptical galaxies via multiwavelength observations

Temi,

Gaspari,

Brighenti

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…However, the bolometric X-ray luminosity of these two sources is about ten times higher than of our extended gaseous disk-like sources. The authors also argue that hot gas may be more prone to condensation in rotating systems as rotational support may prevent gas from infalling, and thermal instabilities may develop more easily (see also Juráňová et al 2019Juráňová et al , 2020 for S0s rotating galaxies). Another option that could explain this dichotomy of high molecular mass and lack of IGrM medium in the extended disks is that these systems could be in a heating-dominated phase, where the IGrM gas has been recently heated up by either AGN-outbursts or SN heating, challenging the detection of the X-ray emitting gas.…”

Section: Accretion From a Hot Igrmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas condensation in Brightest Group Galaxies unveiled with MUSE

Olivares¹,

Salome²,

Hamer³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The origin of the cold gas in central galaxies in groups is still a matter of debate. We present Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) observations of 18 optically selected local (z ≤0.017) Brightest Group Galaxies (BGGs) to study the kinematics and distribution of the optical emission-line gas. MUSE observations reveal a distribution of gas morphologies including ten complex networks of filaments extending up to ∼10 kpc to two compact (<3 kpc) and five extended (>5 kpc) disk-dominated structures. Some rotating disks show rings and elongated structures arising from the central disk. The kinematics of the stellar component is mainly rotationdominated, which is very different from the disturbed kinematics and distribution found in the filamentary sources. The ionized gas is kinematically decoupled from the stellar component for most systems, suggesting an external origin for the gas. We find also that the Hα luminosity correlates with the cold molecular gas mass. By exploring the thermodynamical properties of the X-ray atmospheres, we find that the filamentary structures and compact disks are found in systems with small central entropy values, K, and t cool /t eddy ratios. This suggests that, like for Brightest Cluster Galaxies (BCGs) in cool core clusters, the ionized filaments and the cold gas associated are likely formed from hot halo gas condensations via thermal instabilities, consistently with the Chaotic Cold Accretion simulations (as shown via the C-ratio, Ta t , and k-plot). We note that the presence of gaseous rotating disks is more frequent than in BCGs. An explanation for the origin of the gas in those objects is a contribution to gas fueling by wet-mergers or group satellites, as qualitatively hinted by some sources of the present sample. Nonetheless, we discuss the possibility that some extended disks could also be a transition stage in an evolutionary sequence including filaments, extended disks and compact disks, as described by hot gas condensation models of cooling flows.

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“…In this regime, the gas would condense through helical paths onto the equatorial plane, and there form a thin rotating multiphase disk [166]. While extended disks have been found in some BGGs (Hamer et al [232], Juráňová et al [233], Ruffa et al [223]), such a scenario would induce both large (unobserved) cooling rates in X-ray spectra, as well as drastically reduced accretion rates onto the SMBH due to the preservation of high angular momentum and related centrifugal barrier.…”

Section: Agn Feeding and Cooling Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feedback from Active Galactic Nuclei in Galaxy Groups

et al. 2021

Self Cite

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The co-evolution between supermassive black holes and their environment is most directly traced by the hot atmospheres of dark matter halos. The cooling of the hot atmosphere supplies the central regions with fresh gas, igniting active galactic nuclei (AGN) with long duty cycles. Outflows from the central engine tightly couple with the surrounding gaseous medium and provide the dominant heating source preventing runaway cooling by carving cavities and driving shocks across the medium. The AGN feedback loop is a key feature of all modern galaxy evolution models. Here, we review our knowledge of the AGN feedback process in the specific context of galaxy groups. Galaxy groups are uniquely suited to constrain the mechanisms governing the cooling–heating balance. Unlike in more massive halos, the energy that is supplied by the central AGN to the hot intragroup medium can exceed the gravitational binding energy of halo gas particles. We report on the state-of-the-art in observations of the feedback phenomenon and in theoretical models of the heating-cooling balance in galaxy groups. We also describe how our knowledge of the AGN feedback process impacts galaxy evolution models and large-scale baryon distributions. Finally, we discuss how new instrumentation will answer key open questions on the topic.

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Hot gaseous atmospheres of rotating galaxies observed with XMM–Newton

Cited by 18 publications

References 89 publications

Probing multiphase gas in local massive elliptical galaxies via multiwavelength observations

Probing multiphase gas in local massive elliptical galaxies via multiwavelength observations

Gas condensation in Brightest Group Galaxies unveiled with MUSE

Feedback from Active Galactic Nuclei in Galaxy Groups

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