Hot homogenization process optimization for fragrance encapsulation in solid lipid nanoparticles

Abstract

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) loaded with perfume were prepared using a hot homogenization process coupled with ultrasounds. The objective was to develop a simple process adjustable to several kinds of lipids. The process comprised two steps: a pre-emulsion of the melted lipids in water followed by a size reduction by sonication, before cooling. The study of several formulation parameters showed that the size distribution of SLNs depended essentially on the sonication step, and especially on the ultrasounds power and time. Five types of SLNs loaded with perfume were produced, based on petrolatum, candelilla, shea butter, C10-18 triglycerides, and cetyl palmitate. The size distribution was below 200 nm with a narrow size distribution. Moreover, high encapsulation efficiency was obtained, at least 66.5% (±0.5) for petrolatum SLNs and 94.9% (±0.5) for cetyl palmitate SLNs and the loading % was comprised between 4.9% (±0.5) (petrolatum) and 7.0% (±0.5) (cetyl palmitate). A correlation between the partition coefficient of the molecules and the encapsulation efficiency was established for all lipids except cetyl palmitate. Cetyl palmitate, candelilla and petrolatum SLNs were stable for at least one month at 4°C and 25°C.

Self-Assembly of Soluplus in Aqueous Solutions: Characterization and Prospectives on Perfume Encapsulation

“…To assess the capability of Soluplus as an encapsulating agent for fragrances in aqueous media, a series of seven PRMs having not only different hydrophobicities but also different molecular characteristics (i.e., functional groups, molecular conformation, bulkiness) was selected. As said, hydrophobicity of molecules can be expressed by log K ow , a parameter commonly used to classify fragrances in several perfume encapsulation studies. − The selected PRMs were 2-phenyl ethanol (PE, log K ow = 1.36), l -carvone (CAR, log K ow = 2.74), linalool (LIN, log K ow = 2.97), florhydral (FLO, log K ow = 3.02), β-citronellol (CIT, log K ow = 3.3), α-pinene (PIN, log K ow = 4.44), and R -limonene (LIM, log K ow = 4.57) (molecular structures in Scheme ). Since several types of industrial formulations are composed of around 90% w/w water and only few percent of the encapsulating agent and the active compounds, the tests were carried out with Soluplus solutions containing 94% water, 5% polymer, and 1% perfume.…”

Herbal Theranostics: Controlled, Targeted Delivery and Imaging of Herbal Molecules

“…The application of heat is important to this process, which enables the formation of stable nanoparticles. Depending on the materials, nanoparticle qualities required, and the application, the details of the hot homogenization process can differ 51 . However, the basic principles are the same across all formulations.…”

Design of Sodium Alginate/Gelatin-Based Emulsion Film Fused with Polylactide Microparticles Charged with Plant Extract

“…Encapsulation is used to enclose various types of solid and liquid materials such as drugs, extracts, vitamins, perfumes, proteins, dyes, bacterial cells, and essential oils, etc. [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. Calendula officinalis flower extract, owing to its complex composition ( Figure 1 ), possess multiple activities, including antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioedematous, and wound healing activities, as well as immunostimulant, anticancer, hepatoprotective, and insecticidal properties [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ].…”