Hot-Melt Extrusion Enhances Antioxidant Effects of Mulberry on Probiotics and Pathogenic Microorganisms

Abstract

Mulberry is a rich source of anthocyanins (ACNs) known to possess biological activities. However, these ACNs are unstable in high pH, heat, and aqueous environments with a low bioavailability. In this study, a colloidal dispersion was prepared by hot melt extrusion with proper excipients. In this process, a hydrophilic polymer matrix was used to confirm the stability of the compound in high pH, high temperature, and aqueous media. It was confirmed that the particle size and the polydispersity index value were reduced, thereby improving the solubility. In vitro release studies revealed that the extrudate had a sustained release compared to a non-extruded product. As a result of measuring changes of intestinal microorganisms (Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus), contents of probiotics were found to be increased whereas contents of pathogenic microorganisms were decreased. Thus, hot-melt extrusion could enhance the stability of ACN with prolonged release. The processed formulation exhibited probiotic properties and antimicrobial activities against pathogenic intestinal microflora.

Effect of hot-melt extruded Morus alba leaves on intestinal microflora and epithelial cells

“…A study [ 74 ] has found that rutin and isoquercitrin can promote cell growth of lactic acid bacteria, such as those present in the intestinal microflora. Additionally, it has been reported that intestinal microflora can be regulated by the HME extrusion process [ 75 ]. In the case of Con, where L. rhamnosus was cultured at a level of 10 7 CFU/mL without sample treatment, the number of colonies was 91.67 ± 25.00 × 10 9 CFU/mL ( Fig.…”

Prokinetic Activity of Mulberry Fruit, Morus alba L.

“…In East Asia, MAF has also been used for a long time as a traditional medicine to alleviate hyperglycemia, hypertension, fever, and sore throat; protect the liver and kidney from damage; improve eyesight; strengthen the joints; facilitate the discharge of urine; moisten dryness; and treat other disorders [1,[7][8][9]. Modern researchers have validated many potential health benefits of MAF and/or its bioactive ingredients, such as anthocyanins, flavonoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, and polysaccharides, which showed a variety of bioactive functions in vitro and in vivo, including antioxidant [10,11], antiatherosclerosis [12,13], immunomodulatory [14,15], anticancer [16,17], antihyperglycemic [18,19], hypolipidemic [20,21], and neuroprotective [22] activities. Although the effects of MAF and/or its components on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract have been reported mainly for their anti-inflammatory activity [23,24], little is known about their effects on GI motility.…”