Hot spot generation, reactivity, and decay in mechanochemical reactors

Tricker, Andrew W.; Samaras, George; Hebisch, Karoline L.; Park, Jongwoo

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2019.122954

Cited by 44 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Importantly, such a thermal variation depends on the intrinsic physicochemical aspects of the mechanochemical process, the material being milled, the milling media used, and the selected milling parameters, etc. [113][114][115][116] Instinctively, if ball milling reactions can be carried out without the need for external heating that should represent a lower energy consumption compared, for example, with their solvothermal counterparts. This intuitive assessment was validated after studies on the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling, which revealed that "ball milling is more efficient (regarding the energy consumption) than microwave irradiation".…”

Section: Gc 6: Design For Energy Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of ball milling reactions, dissipation of the kinetic energy of the milling assembly can lead to a variation in the temperature inside the milling reactor. Importantly, such a thermal variation depends on the intrinsic physicochemical aspects of the mechanochemical process, the material being milled, the milling media used, and the selected milling parameters, etc [113–116] . Instinctively, if ball milling reactions can be carried out without the need for external heating that should represent a lower energy consumption compared, for example, with their solvothermal counterparts.…”

Section: Mechanochemistry and The Twelve Principles Of Green Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainability Assessment of Mechanochemistry by Using the Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry

2021

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In recent years, mechanochemistry has been growing into a widely accepted alternative for chemical synthesis. In addition to their efficiency and practicality, mechanochemical reactions are also recognized for their sustainability. The association between mechanochemistry and Green Chemistry often originates from the solvent-free nature of most mechanochemical protocols, which can reduce waste production. However, mechanochemistry satisfies more than one of the Principles of Green Chemistry. In this Review we will present a series of examples that will clearly illustrate how mechanochemistry can significantly contribute to the fulfillment of Green Chemistry in a more holistic manner.

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Section: Gc 6: Design For Energy Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanochemistry and The Twelve Principles Of Green Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability Assessment of Mechanochemistry by Using the Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry

2021

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“…In synthetic chemistry, one efficient way to carry out productive chemical transformations enabled by mechanical activation involves implementing ball milling techniques, often in the absence of a liquid media [35–40] . Unlike hypervelocity tests, which involve impacts at speeds in the range of kilometers per second, collisions in standard mixer ball mills occur in the range of few meters per second, [41] making the mechanical load transferred by ball milling, [41] and the reached temperatures [42] more suitable for chemical synthesis, hence rarely observing sample decomposition [41b] …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanochemical Prebiotic Peptide Bond Formation**

et al. 2021

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The presence of amino acids on the prebiotic Earth, either stemming from endogenous chemical routes or delivered by meteorites, is consensually accepted. In contrast, prebiotically plausible pathways to achieve peptides from unactivated amino acids are still unclear since most oligomerization approaches rely on thermodynamically disfavored reactions in solution. Alternative hypotheses such as the prebiotic impact scenario postulate that the mechanical impacts from meteorites and geochemical phenomena played an important role in delivering exogenous material to Earth, thus providing the geochemical, mechanical, and thermal conditions to synthesize small prebiotic organic compounds in the absence of bulk liquid media. In this context, here we evaluate the applicability of mechanochemistry by ball milling for peptide bond formation under a prebiotic impact scenario. We found that the combination of mechanical forces and prebiotically plausible and ubiquitous minerals as activators enable the oligomerization of amino acids such as glycine in the absence of bulk water (or solvents) and at ambient temperature. Increasing the mechanochemical reactor's temperature is shown to favor the degree of polymerization concomitantly with the formation of cyclic glycine dimer [cyclo(Gly 2 ) or DKP], a product commonly considered as a dead-end in solution peptide bond formation. However, our study shows that DKP can be mechanochemically activated and used as a source for glycine oligomers. The findings of this research provide alternative mechanochemical routes towards oligopeptides and establish new synthetic approaches for prebiotic chemistry that are not limited by poor diffusion of the reactants, thus complementing the current alternating wetting and drying prebiotic environment strategy. File list (2) download file view on ChemRxiv Peptide paper.pdf (816.75 KiB) download file view on ChemRxiv Peptide paper-SI.pdf (1.79 MiB)

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“…Since the world has been shifting towards the environmentally friendly principles of green chemistry, in recent years there has been renewed interest in studying the mechanisms and the kinetics of solvent-free processes occurring upon exposure of polymers to mechanical impact [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. The published reviews [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ] devoted to the foundations of mechanochemical processes infer that the mechanochemical approaches have become a global trend. However, there is not enough fundamental data to put the technologies being developed into common practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanochemical and Size Reduction Machines for Biorefining

Ломовский¹,

Бычков²,

Lomovsky³

et al. 2020

Molecules

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In recent years, we have witnessed an increasing interest in the application of mechanochemical methods for processing materials in biomass refining techniques. Grinding and mechanical pretreatment are very popular methods utilized to enhance the reactivity of polymers and plant raw materials; however, the choice of devices and their modes of action is often performed through trial and error. An inadequate choice of equipment often results in inefficient grinding, low reactivity of the product, excess energy expenditure, and significant wear of the equipment. In the present review, modern equipment employing various types of mechanical impacts, which show the highest promise for mechanochemical pretreatment of plant raw materials, is examined and compared—disc mills, attritors and bead mills, ball mills, planetary mills, vibration and vibrocentrifugal mills, roller and centrifugal roller mills, extruders, hammer mills, knife mills, pin mills, disintegrators, and jet mills. The properly chosen type of mechanochemical activation (and equipment) allows an energetically and economically sound enhancement of the reactivity of solid-phase polymers by increasing the effective surface area accessible to reagents, reducing the amount of crystalline regions and the diffusion coefficient, disordering the supramolecular structure of the material, and mechanochemically reacting with the target substances.

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Hot spot generation, reactivity, and decay in mechanochemical reactors

Cited by 44 publications

References 94 publications

Sustainability Assessment of Mechanochemistry by Using the Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry

Sustainability Assessment of Mechanochemistry by Using the Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry

Mechanochemical Prebiotic Peptide Bond Formation**

Mechanochemical and Size Reduction Machines for Biorefining

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