Hot-Water Extraction (HWE) Method as Applied to Lignocellulosic Materials from Hemp Stalk

Abstract

The article describes the process of hot water extraction treatment of a specific material—in this case, shavings of hemp shives of different thicknesses, sorted by their thickness into three different fractions of 0–4 mm, 4–8 mm, and 8–12 mm. In addition, each sample from a given fraction was separately subjected to one, two, and three extraction processes. After the material was treated with extraction, cellulose determination was performed using the Kürschner–Hoffer method in order to find out the effect that hot water extraction had on the cellulose content of the test material. This research aims to determine whether hot water extraction strongly alters the cellulose content, which may translate into a change in efficiency when producing second-generation biofuel produced from this material. The cellulose determination showed the smallest cellulose losses were in chips 4–8 mm thick, while the largest were in chips 0–4 mm thick. Each repetition resulted in a loss of cellulose, with the steepest loss occurring after the second repetition of HWE, and the smallest after the third repetition—the exception being the 4–8 fraction, in which the smallest decrease occurred after the first repetition of the HWE (Hot Water Extraction) process.

The Comparison of Physical and Chemical Properties of Pellets and Briquettes from Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)

“…The ability of hemp to produce organic [18] and sustainable biofuels [14] has sparked growing interest in the plant in recent years because of its potential applications. The sustainable management of natural resources can be facilitated through the use of hemp as a lignocellulosic raw material [19].…”

“…The versatility of their use can also mean that they are suitable for different applications, like cellulose and lignin. The scientific literature suggests [18,26] that hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) biomass may be a promising biofuel source due to its rapid growth and lower pesticide requirements. There are several ways to use hemp for biofuels, including the production of bioethanol, biogas, and solid biofuels.…”

“…Statistical analysis results were also affected by the nature of the problem and the accuracy of the average distribution. In addition, there was also the possibility of statistical analysis at an α level of 0.03 or 0.01 [8,14,18].…”

Evaluation of the Hemp Shive (Cannabis sativa L.) Energy Requirements Associated with the Biocomposite Compaction Process

“…It has been found that hemp is a biofuel feedstock that is highly calorific and has a low ash content, which is why it is a popular feedstock for biofuel production as well [15]. Hemp fiber is capable of containing a value of over 18 J/kg of energy, while wood only has a value of 17 J/kg of energy [16][17][18]. It has been reported that during the combustion process of hemp biomass, the emission values are approximately 0.8 kg CO 2 /kg and do not exceed 0.1 kg CO/kg by weight of raw material as far as CO is concerned [19].…”

The Effects of Seawater Treatment on Selected Coniferous Wood Types

“…As a result of their action, the physical and strength properties deteriorate, so that the durability of an object composed of unprotected wood is also reduced. Unfortunately, the proper protection of wood against the factors that cause its degradation requires knowledge from many different scientific fields, such as physics, chemistry, construction, and biology [17], so that the person responsible for the protection of wood has sufficient knowledge to use the appropriate measures for the type of factor to which the wood is exposed. Correctly assessing the impact of the site conditions on wood is particularly important for wood used in the construction and boatbuilding industries, where weakening in its strength can lead to catastrophic accidents, such as the collapse of a wooden floor or deck.…”