Hot-water treatment of gladiolus cormels for control of corm-borne fungal diseases

Abstract

Abstract. A hot-water treatment was used successfully to obtain pathogen-free planting stock from various plants to control some diseases including gladiolus. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of hot-water treatments in terms of damaging gladiolus, concerning sprouting and leading to crop loses. Cormels of two gladiolus cultivars, Oscar and Amsterdam, were used for each treatment (temperature x time period) and were immersed in water baths with hot water at 20˚C (as control), 45˚C, 50˚C, 55˚C and 60˚C for different treatment periods 10, 20 and 30 min and were planted in pots (d10cm) Material and methodsapproach is widely applied to many crops, including flowers. The main approach is to decrease the amount of the initial inoculum of Externally healthy cormels of gladiolus cultivars Oscar and the potential pathogenic organism and thus to minimize the risk for Amsterdam (d 0.5 -1.0 cm), with removed outer skin, were used for future production.experimental purposes. They were immersed in water baths with Thermotherapy is one of the oldest techniques used for killing sterile hot water at 20°C (as control), 45°C, 50°C, 55°C and 60°C for the pathogen structures in seed or any other form of planting different treatment periods -10, 20 and 30min. After drying, they material. This method is considered simple to implement, easy to were planted in pots (d 10cm) filled with sterile nutrient substrate use and does not require consumption of high cost resources.(peat:soil:perlite in ratio 3:1:0.5) with approximate weight of 570g. Different variations like Soaking in Hot Water, Hot Air Treatment, Three replicate pots, each containing 10 cormels, were used for Vapor-Heat Treatment, and their derivates -Soaking in Hot Solution each treatment. The percentage of germination of the planted (some chemicals have been added to treatment water); Spraying gladiolus plant was observed and reported during a period of 30 Hot Water and Microwave Treatment have been applied for days. The results were statistically handled and summarized with treatment of seeds and other plant parts (Grondeau et al., 1994).ANOVA program. Such approach was first applied against fusarium rot of gladiolus, wilt, or yellows in California in 1909 (Pryal, 1909.°T reatment with hot water before planting (57 С/30Results and discussion minutes) is a basic method (Magie 1956; Roistacher et al., 1957; Forsberg 1961; Millholand and Aycock 1965; Bald et al., 1971; Hsieh The results from our preliminary studies showed that in Bulgaria 1985; Kohen et al., 1990 and etc.). Such an approach has been fungi of the genus Fusarium, which infected gladiolus plants and applied in the modern, ecologically benign plant protection systems other species representatives of the botanical Family Iridaceae either alone or in combination with other protection methods belonged to two species Fusarium oxysporum (Massey) WC Snyder (Tripathi et al., 2013).& HN Hansen and Fusarium moniliforme J. Sheld. and the existence Fungus Fusarium oxysporum var. gladioli /Massey/ causi...