Hot workability of stainless steels: influence of deformation parameters, microstructural components, and restoration processes

Microstructural Evolution during Industrial Rolling of a Duplex Stainless Steel

“…13,14) From these studies, it is well known that ferrite and austenite behave differently during plastic deformation. During hot working the two major mechanisms of restoration of metals are dynamic recovery (DRV) and dynamic recrystalization (DRX), whereby the stacking fault energy (SFE) dictates which mechanism will take place.…”

Prediction of hot flow plastic curves of ISO 5832-9 steel used as orthopedic implants

“…Depending on the temperature and strain rate, these mechanisms may occur simultaneously or not. The knowledge and control about when these mechanisms occurs is extremely important in the development of thermomechanical processing schemes, whereas, their deformation depend on the amount of strain to be applied in a sequence of mechanical forming passes directly influencing the final properties to be obtained 3,4 . During the hot deformation of metallic materials, mechanisms for hardening and softening occur concomitantly and concurrently.…”

“…The hot deformation processing of metallic materials, held at high temperatures aims to control shape changing, but also achieving optimal mechanical properties. The material workability, determined by the strain rate, strain, temperature, material microstructure and the stress state imposed by the tool in the deformation zone, is composed of two contributions: one related to the processing stress state and other intrinsic to the material 4,5 . The workability intrinsic to the material is directly linked with the material initial microstructure and its responses to imposed deformation conditions, such as, stress and microstructure variation with the processing variables 4 .…”

“…The material workability, determined by the strain rate, strain, temperature, material microstructure and the stress state imposed by the tool in the deformation zone, is composed of two contributions: one related to the processing stress state and other intrinsic to the material 4,5 . The workability intrinsic to the material is directly linked with the material initial microstructure and its responses to imposed deformation conditions, such as, stress and microstructure variation with the processing variables 4 . Thus, under certain conditions, the material can respond with microstructural damage due to flow or localized unstable, may subsequently, be reconstituted due to restoration processes.…”

Hot Tensile Deformation and Fracture Behavior of a Nitrogen Alloyed Ultralow Carbon Austenitic Stainless Steel

“…15) With increasing temperature, dynamic recrystallization will make a contribution to reducing stress concentration and to isolating microcracks originally at the grain boundaries. 16) With increasing strain rate, the time for dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization will reduce, which maintains stronger stress concentration and more microcracks.…”