Hotspots of Insect Diversity in Boreal Forests

Komonen, Atte

doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.02076.x

Cited by 49 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…cavity nesting vertebrates (Cockle et al 2012;Müller et al 2014;Lõhmus 2016), epiphytes (Frits & HeilmannClausen (2010) or saproxylic insects (Komonen 2003). Even if most of theses studies do not directly point to specific fungal species as indicators of conservation value at site level, they often have a considerable educational potential by highligthing the key roles fungi play in saproxylic food-webs, and in the creation of habitats for more well-known species, including woodpeckers (cf.…”

Section: Critique and Testing Of Proposed Surrogate Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The history and future of fungi as biodiversity surrogates in forests

2017

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Biodiversity surrogates are commonly used in conservation biology. Here we review how fungi have been used as such in forest conservation, emphasizing proposed surrogate roles and practical applications. We show that many fungal surrogates have been suggested based on field experience and loose concepts, rather than on rigorously collected scientific data. Yet, they have played an important role, not only in forest conservation, but also in inspiring research in fungal ecology and forest history. We argue that, even in times of ecosystem oriented conservation planning and molecular tools to analyze fungal communities, fruit bodies of macrofungi have potential as convenient conservation shortcuts and easy tools to communicate complex biodiversity for a broader audience. To improve the reliability of future fungal surrogates we propose a three step protocol for developing evidence based schemes for practical application in forest conservation.

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Section: Critique and Testing Of Proposed Surrogate Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The history and future of fungi as biodiversity surrogates in forests

2017

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“…The fairly low variation in the moisture and microhabitats at ground level, typical of the forest type at the study sites, may also have resulted in the high similarity between the PFT sub-samples. TWTs have often been considered to be less quantitative than FWTs due to the variability in the baiting effect of trees and fungi on them (Økland, 1996;Martikainen, 2001;Komonen, 2003). The location of TWTs has an impact on the species caught and the results are highly dependent on the characteristics of the trap trees in study areas.…”

Section: Performance Of Trap Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since insects utilize even the smallest of microhabitats (e.g. Komonen, 2003), they are likely to provide a very useful tool for observing changes in the environment. This, however, is possible only if the species can be identified and their habitat requirements are well known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of three trapping methods used to survey forest-dwelling Coleoptera

Hyvärinen¹,

Kouki²,

Martikainen³

2006

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. Sampling of insect communities is very challenging and for reliable interpretation of results the effects of different sampling protocols and data processing on the results need to be fully understood. We compared three different commonly used methods for sampling forest beetles, freely hanging flight-intercept (window) traps (FWT), flight-intercept traps attached to trunks (TWT) and pitfall traps placed in the ground (PFT), in Scots pine dominated boreal forests in eastern Finland. Using altogether 960 traps, forming 576 sub-samples, at 24 study sites, 59760 beetles belonging to 814 species were collected over a period of a month. All of the material was identified to species, with the exception of a few species pairs, to obtain representative data for analyses. Four partly overlapping groups were used in the analyses: (1) all, (2) saproxylic, (3) rare and (4) red-listed species. In terms of the number of species collected TWTs were the most effective for all species groups and the rarer species the species group composed of (groups 1-2-3-4) the larger were the differences between the trap types. In particular, the TWTs caught most red-listed species. However, when sample sizes were standardized FWTs and TWTs caught similar number of species of all species groups. PFTs caught fewer species of all species groups, whether the sample sizes were standardized or not. In boreal forests they seem to be unsuitable for sampling saproxylic, rare and red-listed species. However, the PFTs clearly sampled different parts of species assemblages than the window traps and can be considered as a supplementary method. The abundance distribution of saproxylic species was truncated lognormal in TWT and pooled material, whereas unclassified material failed to reveal lognormal distribution in all the trap types and pooled material. The results show that even in boreal forests sample sizes of at least thousands, preferably tens of thousands of individuals, collected by a high number of traps are needed for community level studies. Relevant ecological classification of material is also very important for reliable comparisons. Differences in the performance of trap types should be considered when designing a study, and in particular when evaluating the results.

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“…Christensen et al (2009) investigated the effects of fuelwood collection nearby the villages on fungal species richness, showing a clear relation between fuelwood collection and polypore diversity. Polypores represent only the top of the iceberg of biodiversity present in dead wood in different stages of decay (Siitonen 2001;Jonsson et al 2005) and a high diversity of polypores is a good indication that other aspects of dead wood biodiversity is well represented in the forest ecosystem (Komonen 2003;Berglund and Jonsson 2001).…”

Section: Anthropogenic Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest biodiversity gradients and the human impact in Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal

Christensen

Heilmann‐Clausen²

2009

Biodivers Conserv

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Patterns of biodiversity, environment and human impact were studied in 57 sample plots in an 1,178 ha forest area in a rural mountain area of Nepal that is administrated by the Annapurna Conservation Area Project. Alpha-, beta-and gamma-diversity was measured or estimated for six groups of organisms: trees, shrubs, climbers, herbs, polypores and mycorrhizal fungi, and the recorded patterns were correlated with a set of environmental variables. Human impact in terms of fuelwood collection, selective cutting and grazing was found to influence species diversity patterns in all organism groups. Species richness of trees, climbers and polypores at plot level (alpha-diversity) generally responded negatively to human impact, whereas species richness of herbs and shrubs showed a positive relation. Species turnover (beta-diversity), measured as length of the DCA first axis, was significantly correlated to distance to village for all species groups. This indicates that the human impact is very important for the biodiversity patterns in the study area, and that biodiversity connected to undisturbed forest habitats are potentially threatened in the area. The results are discussed in the context of practical conservation. A proposal for future management zones addressing protection of biodiversity without limiting the local use of the forest resource is put forward.

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Hotspots of Insect Diversity in Boreal Forests

Cited by 49 publications

References 29 publications

The history and future of fungi as biodiversity surrogates in forests

The history and future of fungi as biodiversity surrogates in forests

A comparison of three trapping methods used to survey forest-dwelling Coleoptera

Forest biodiversity gradients and the human impact in Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal

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