The scope of practice for newborn care in nonintensive hospital settings is ever changing, with obstetric care advances, shorter length of stay (LOS), and increased family-centered care. 1 In response to the US Surgeon General' s call to support breastfeeding and Baby Friendly USA, more infants receive care in their mothers' rooms. 2,3 Newborn clinicians require skills including diagnostic expertise and critical thinking, adaptability and sensitivity, and an understanding of this critical period of infant bonding. They also require leadership skills to manage hospital policies and link families with targeted community resources. This overview is based on the experience and research of a working group of the Academic Pediatric Association Newborn Nursery Special Interest Group (NN SIG), which consists of medical directors and physicians with expertise in newborn care from across the United States. The workgroup consisted of 17 newborn physicians ranging from young faculty to full professors at urban and rural academic and community hospitals in 17 cities and