Housefly (Musca domestica) and Blow Fly (Protophormia terraenovae) as Vectors of Bacteria Carrying Colistin Resistance Genes

Zhang, Jilei; Wang, Jiawei; Chen, Li; Yassin, Afrah Kamal; Kelly, Patrick J.; Butaye, Patrick; Li, Jing; Gong, Jicheng; Cattley, Russell C.; Qi, Kezong; Wang, Chengming

doi:10.1128/aem.01736-17

Cited by 58 publications

(59 citation statements)

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“…The mcr-1 , mcr-2 and mcr-3 have been detected in bacteria or swabs from a variety of hosts in China and elsewhere in the world [3–22] However, there are yet only few reports on mcr-4 and mcr-5 [23–26]. Our study shows the mcr-4 and mcr-5 occur widely in pigs and poultry in China (Table 1, S2–S6 Tables).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…The mcr-2 gene was found on rarely occasion, in Escherichia . coli isolates from porcine of Belgium and in flies of China [4, 22]. After its first characterization on a IncHI2-type plasmid, pWJ1, from Escherichia coli isolated from a Chinese pig [5], the mcr -3 gene was shown to be present in bacteria isolated from humans in Denmark, chickens and flies in China, pigs in Japan and cattle in Spain [20–22, 26, 31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The swabs from pigs and poultry were collected into tubes containing 400μl DNA/RNA Stabilization Buffer (Roche Molecular Biochemicals, IN, USA), and frozen at -80°C until DNA extraction. Swabs were centrifuged in the DNA/RNA Stabilization Buffer (3,000×g, 4°C for 5 min), and DNAs were extracted from the supernatants using the High Pure PCR Template Preparation Kit (Roche Diagnostic, USA) as described before [22, 28]. All samples from previous studies that had sufficient residual DNA extract were included in this investigation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the efficiency of colistin treatment is compromised by the presence of an increasing number of mobile colistin resistance ( mcr ) genes. After mcr- 1 was first described in 2016, mcr-2 and mcr-3 genes have been found to occur very widely [3–22]. Up to the current writing of this manuscript, another two mcr genes ( mcr-4 and mcr-5 ) were identified in Salmonella [23–26], but little is known about the prevalence of these two genes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Newly identified colistin resistance genes, mcr-4 and mcr-5, from upper and lower alimentary tract of pigs and poultry in China

et al. 2018

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Antimicrobial resistance against colistin has emerged worldwide threatening the efficacy of one of the last-resort antimicrobials used for the treatment of Enterobacteriaceae. To investigate the presence of the recently identified colistin resistance genes (mcr-4, mcr-5) in China, we established PCRs to detect mcr-4 and mcr-5 on 213 anal and 1,339 nasal swabs from apparently healthy pigs (n = 1,454) in nine provinces, and 1,696 cloacal and 1,647 oropharyngeal samples from poultry (n = 1,836) at live-bird markets in 24 provinces of China. The prevalence of the mcr-4 in swine swabs (41.4%; 642/1,552) was significantly higher than in swabs from poultry (11.5%; 384/3,343). The mcr-4 gene was found in geese (49.5%, 54/109), chickens (17.2%, 257/1,498), pigeons (17.2%, 17/99) and ducks (15.4%, 20/130). In a similar trend, the prevalence of the mcr-5 in swine swabs (33.1%; 514/1552) was significantly higher than in swabs from poultry (5.6%; 187/3,343). The mcr-5 was identified in geese (17.4%, 19/109), chickens (9.9%, 148/1,498), ducks (7.7%, 10/130) and pigeons (3%, 3/99). The mcr-4 prevalence in the nasal swabs from pigs (59.2%, 58/98) was significantly higher than that in anal swabs (29.6%, 29/98) (P<0.001). Similarly, the mcr-5 prevalence in the nasal swabs from pigs (61.2%, 60/98) was significantly higher than in anal swabs (44.9%, 44/98) (P = 0.02), and significantly higher in oropharyngeal swabs (7.2%, 109/1,507) than in the cloacal swabs (3.7%, 56/1,507) (P<0.001). This study further confirms the presence of the mcr-4 and mcr-5 in animals and indicates these genes are prevalent and widespread in food producing animals (pig and poultry) in China. Future studies are needed to characterize the bacteria carrying the mcr-4 and mcr-5 and their locations on plasmids and/or the bacterial chromosomes, and determine co-resistances in the mcr-4 and mcr-5 positive strains.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Newly identified colistin resistance genes, mcr-4 and mcr-5, from upper and lower alimentary tract of pigs and poultry in China

et al. 2018

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“…The established PCRs for mcr-1 , mcr-2 and mcr-3 in this study amplified only the intended mcr target and not the other mcr 31 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Molecular detection of colistin resistance genes (mcr-1, mcr-2 and mcr-3) in nasal/oropharyngeal and anal/cloacal swabs from pigs and poultry

Zhang

Chen

Wang

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Antimicrobial resistance against colistin has emerged worldwide and is threatening the efficacy of colistin treatment of multi-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, PCRs were used to detect mcr genes (mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3) in 213 anal and 1,339 nasal swabs from pigs (n = 1,454) in nine provinces of China, and 1,696 cloacal and 1,647 oropharyngeal samples from poultry (n = 1,836) at live-bird markets in 24 provinces. The mcr-1 prevalences in pigs (79.2%) and geese (71.7%) were significantly higher than in chickens (31.8%), ducks (34.6%) and pigeons (13.1%). The mcr-2 prevalence in pigs was 56.3%, significantly higher than in chickens (5.5%), ducks (2.3%), geese (5.5%) and pigeons (0%). The mcr-3 prevalences in pigs (18.7%), ducks (13.8%) and geese (11.9%) were significantly higher than in chickens (5.2%) and pigeons (5.1%). In total, 173 pigs and three chickens were positive for all three mcr genes. The prevalences of the mcr were significantly higher in nasal/oropharyngeal swabs than in the anal /cloacal swabs. Phylogenetic studies identified 33 new mcr-2 variants and 12 new mcr-3 variants. This study demonstrates high prevalences of mcr in pigs and poultry in China, and indicates there is need for more thorough surveillance and control programs to prevent further selection of colistin resistance.

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Ultrastructural and pathogenicity of Brevibacillus laterosporus against sinantropic muscoid dipterans

Pereira¹,

Queiroz

Faria

et al. 2021

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Brevibacillus laterosporus has entomopathogenic potential against several orders of insects and its wide bioactivity is associated with a variety of strain-specific molecules.In order to avoid the use of synthetic insecticides, along with the need to control insect pests, microbial control has been widely used. Muscoid dipterans are known for their medical-veterinary and sanitary importance, and synanthropy. The enormous biotechnological potential of B. laterosporus has been demonstrated, but there are still few studies with muscoid dipterans. The aim of the study was to verify the mortality of B. laterosporus NRS590 on synanthropic flies and to characterize its different cell stages ultrastructurally. The flies were collected from garbage bins and the colonies were adapted to the laboratory conditions. Bioassays with neo larvae were carried out from the bacterial growth in the phases: vegetative (6 hr), sporangium (20 hr), and free spores (44 hr). An aliquot of each phase was collected for Transmission (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The effectiveness of NRS590 was observed in the sporulation phase, where the corrected mortality was 83.3, 85.1, and 99% for Chrysomya megacephala, Chrysomya putoria, and Musca domestica, respectively. The parasporal body was observed in detail on the entire spore surface. Although our knowledge of this bacterium is growing, it remains to be determined the real virulence factors responsible for the wide entomopathogenic activity observed on muscoid dipterans. Therefore, this study can provide subsidies for the improvement of efficient and safe microbial control techniques for the environment and living beings.

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Housefly (Musca domestica) and Blow Fly (Protophormia terraenovae) as Vectors of Bacteria Carrying Colistin Resistance Genes

Cited by 58 publications

References 25 publications

Newly identified colistin resistance genes, mcr-4 and mcr-5, from upper and lower alimentary tract of pigs and poultry in China

Newly identified colistin resistance genes, mcr-4 and mcr-5, from upper and lower alimentary tract of pigs and poultry in China

Molecular detection of colistin resistance genes (mcr-1, mcr-2 and mcr-3) in nasal/oropharyngeal and anal/cloacal swabs from pigs and poultry

Ultrastructural and pathogenicity of Brevibacillus laterosporus against sinantropic muscoid dipterans

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