Household and Individual Risk Factors for Cholera among Cholera Vaccine Recipients in Rural Haiti

Matias, Wilfredo R.; Teng, Jessica E.; Hilaire, Isabelle J.; Harris, Jason B.; Franke, Molly F.; Ivers, Louise C.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.16-0407

Cited by 16 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The role of sex was evaluated in 15 studies [ 13 , 26 , 32 , 33 , 35 , 37 , 43 , 70 , 72 , 73 , 90 , 101 , 104 , 116 , 118 ], of which 11 implemented a multivariable model [ 32 , 33 , 35 , 37 , 72 , 73 , 90 , 101 , 104 , 116 , 118 ]. Seven of these studies met criteria for meta-analysis ( Supplementary Figure 1 ) [ 35 , 72 , 73 , 90 , 101 , 116 , 118 ]. The SOR for risk of cholera for females was 1.22 (95% confidence interval [CI], .71–2.12), with I 2 = 80% ( Q test P < .0001).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eight studies evaluated household building materials [ 10 , 32 , 33 , 41 , 43 , 73 , 101 , 110 ]. Seven of these implemented multivariable models [ 10 , 32 , 33 , 41 , 73 , 101 , 110 ], 5 of which found that higher-quality housing was associated with lower risk of cholera [ 10 , 32 , 33 , 101 , 110 ]. One study found that risk of cholera independently increased with population density surrounding a household [ 101 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Individual and Household Risk Factors for Symptomatic Cholera Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Richterman

Sainvilien²,

Eberly

et al. 2018

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

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BackgroundCholera has caused 7 global pandemics, including the current one which has been ongoing since 1961. A systematic review of risk factors for symptomatic cholera infection has not been previously published.MethodsIn accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual and household risk factors for symptomatic cholera infection.ResultsWe identified 110 studies eligible for inclusion in qualitative synthesis. Factors associated with symptomatic cholera that were eligible for meta-analysis included education less than secondary level (summary odds ratio [SOR], 2.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41–4.92; I2 = 8%), unimproved water source (SOR, 3.48; 95% CI, 2.18–5.54; I2 = 77%), open container water storage (SOR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.09–3.76; I2 = 62%), consumption of food outside the home (SOR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.62–4.69; I2 = 64%), household contact with cholera (SOR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.62–5.25; I2 = 89%), water treatment (SOR, 0.37; 95% CI, .21–.63; I2 = 74%), and handwashing (SOR, 0.29; 95% CI, .20–.43; I2 = 37%). Other notable associations with symptomatic infection included income/wealth, blood group, gastric acidity, infant breastfeeding status, and human immunodeficiency virus infection.ConclusionsWe identified potential risk factors for symptomatic cholera infection including environmental characteristics, socioeconomic factors, and intrinsic patient factors. Ultimately, a combination of interventional approaches targeting various groups with risk-adapted intensities may prove to be the optimal strategy for cholera control.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual and Household Risk Factors for Symptomatic Cholera Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Richterman

Sainvilien²,

Eberly

et al. 2018

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…Nonetheless, communal sections in Haiti are largely unurbanized, therefore the incidence of cholera might be associated with different factors such as the practice of latrine sharing 26 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Patron Saint Festivities on Cholera in Three Communes in Haiti

Moise

Achille

Batumbo

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Introduction Religious pilgrimages are among the anthropogenic factors known to be associated with the transmission of diarrheal diseases, such as cholera. This ecological study aimed to describe the evolution of cholera and assess the relationship between the implementation of the ‘coup de poing’ strategy during the patron saint festivities and the incidence of cholera in the three communes of Cabaret, Carrefour, and Croix-des-Bouquets in Haiti in 2017. Materials/Methods An epidemiological curve was produced to illustrate the evolution of cholera at the communal level. Generalized linear models assuming a Poisson distribution were used to weight the annual cholera incidence of communal sections against variables such as the number of patronal festivities, population density and annual precipitation rates. The number of cases in the week of the festivity as well as one and two weeks later was weighted against patronal festivities and weekly precipitation rates. Results In total, 3 633 suspected cholera cases were continuously reported in three communes in Haiti (Cabaret, Carrefour, Croix-des-bouquets) during the 52-epidemiological week period in 2017. After controlling for rainfall and population density, the implementation of the ‘coup de poing’ strategy during the patron saint festivities was associated with a significant reduction in cholera incidence of 57.23% [PR=0.4277 (97.5% CI: 0.2798-0.6193), p=0.0000244]. The implementation of the strategy was associated with a reduction in cholera incidence of 25.41% one week following patronal festivities. Conclusion This study showed a continuous presence of cholera in three communes in Haiti in 2017 and an association between the implementation of the ‘coup de poing’ strategy during patronal festivities and a reduction in cholera incidence. The findings imply that the multi-partner ‘coup de poing’ strategy may have contributed to the reduced cholera incidence following patron saint festivities and in Ouest department in Haiti 2017.

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“…In 53% of studies that assessed water-related exposures, there was at least one significant water-related exposure where the transmission domain could not be determined. This was most often because treating water (by boiling, chlorine or unspecified) in the home could eliminate contamination from either domain [8,39,49,50,52,56,58,68,76,78,86,87,94,96]. Several of these studies also presented evidence of significant public domain transmission, suggesting that even if household transmission could not be determined, public transmission was likely present [39,49,50,78,94].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual and household exposures associated with cholera transmission in case–control studies: a systematic review

Phelps

Simonsen

Jensen

2019

Tropical Med Int Health

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Objective Uncertainty persists regarding cholera transmission routes. We conducted a structured review of case–control studies on cholera transmission and provide a qualitative summary of reported exposures in order to inform public health efforts and future cholera research. Methods We searched two electronic databases for published case–control studies that investigated risk factors for cholera and included any publications that did not match our exclusion criteria. From the included studies, we grouped exposures using two parameters, whether transmission domain was public or domestic, and also on the vehicle of transmission. We extracted data on study location, method of case and control inclusion, type of statistical analysis performed and which exposures were included. Additionally, two parallel subgroup analyses were performed. The first included the subgroup of all studies that used culture‐confirmed cholera cases, and the second included the subgroup of all studies employing a multivariate analysis. In the second analysis, we calculated the population attributable risk (PAR). Results Our search yielded 2347 peer‐reviewed publications, of which 65 did not match our exclusion criteria, comprising 69 individual studies. Water‐based exposures were investigated in 97% of these studies, of which 70% found a significant association with cholera infection. Food‐based exposures were investigated in 75% of studies, of which 63% found a significant association with risk of cholera infection. Close personal contact with cholera cases was investigated in 30% of studies, of which 52% found a significant association with risk of cholera infection. Hygiene‐related exposures were investigated in 51% of studies, of which 63% found a significant association with cholera transmission. Among studies that examined at least one exposure related to the domestic domain, 76% found a significant association with cholera infection vs. 71% of studies investigating at least one public domain exposure. The subgroup analyses produced similar results. Conclusions Despite strong evidence for cholera transmission via foodborne‐, hygiene‐, waterborne‐ and close personal contact‐related pathways in both domestic and public domains, we found that non‐waterborne‐related factors are understudied. Future cholera case–control studies would benefit from investigating all transmission vehicles and transmission domains.

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Household and Individual Risk Factors for Cholera among Cholera Vaccine Recipients in Rural Haiti

Cited by 16 publications

References 37 publications

Individual and Household Risk Factors for Symptomatic Cholera Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Individual and Household Risk Factors for Symptomatic Cholera Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Impact of Patron Saint Festivities on Cholera in Three Communes in Haiti

Individual and household exposures associated with cholera transmission in case–control studies: a systematic review

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