Household appliances penetration and ownership trends in residential buildings

Abstract

Understanding the development of the trends in the ownership of different appliances in a historic context in various countries of the world can not only provide important insights for understanding the dynamics of adoption of different appliances, but can also help with foresight: how the future may develop for these or other, new appliances on the market. Although available literature in household appliances energy consumption, energy management and energy efficiency has seen some advances, there is a clear lack in the literature on household appliance ownership. In this paper, historic data is gathered and analysed for several groups of appliance types (white appliances, brown appliances and small appliances) for 12 countries representing four continents, when available since 1970 to date. Countries representing different parts of the world were selected to present an overview on household appliances ownership and energy consumption. One of the first conclusions of the study is that there is little or no information in many countries from South America, Africa or South Asia. Refrigerators, freezers and washing machines ownership are an example of most other white goods. Brown goods appeared in the market at very different time, depending on each one (from the 70s to the late 90s) and their ownership growth is much higher than for the previous ones. Most of small line appliances ownership has not reached saturation yet.

Global warming and ozone depletion potentials caused by emissions from HFC and CFC banks due to structural damage

“…Appliances like refrigerators, relevant to both 𝐶 𝑟 𝑅 and 𝐶 𝑓 𝑅 , are present in almost every household in developed countries [49]. Conversely, AC systems exhibit a more variegated prevalence.…”

The potential of digital convergence and sharing of consumer goods to improve living conditions and reduce emissions

“…We estimate the energy demand from consumer goods through a Kaya equation, adapted to the analysis of appliances, following well-established practices in the field [40]. More specifically, for each year under consideration, we use the following disaggregation method by major group of appliances (i) and region (j):…”

Trends in Research on Energy Efficiency in Appliances and Correlations with Energy Policies

“…On the other hand, energy efficiency will have its maximum energy efficiency increase in the traditional appliances. Cabeza et al [7] studied the ownership of appliances in different countries (Figure 2). Most white goods (refrigerators, freezers, and washing machines) ownership in Europe reached saturation already in the 1970s, and other developed countries of the world (Japan and USA) show ownership higher than 100%.…”