Household clustering supports a novel chemoprophylaxis trial design for a mosquito-borne viral disease

Watson, Hugh; Duong, Veasna; Ly, Sowath; Mandron, Marie; Siqueira, André; Ribeiro, Guilherme S.

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2022.05.020

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The overall frequency in which those infected reported a medical suspicion of chikungunya since 2015 was 9.2%. The occurrence of fever and arthralgia in the same period was reported by 37 ). The period with the highest incidence of CHIKV infection in the cohort (from Feb-Apr/2015 to Aug-Nov/2015) coincided with the period of greater notification of chikungunya cases both in Salvador and in the community of Pau da Lima (Fig 1A and 1B).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 55%

“…In addition, we identified clustering of CHIKV infections in certain areas of the study site and within households. Spatial and household aggregation has been described for CHIKV and other human-amplified, Aedes aegypti -borne arboviral diseases at different scales in several areas around the globe [ 37 ]. It is noteworthy that the clusters in our study were spatially limited, despite the high density of the population and socio-environmental similarities within the community, which could have facilitated the expansion of CHIKV transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamics of chikungunya virus transmission in the first year after its introduction in Brazil: A cohort study in an urban community

Anjos,

Portilho,

Jacob-Nascimento

et al. 2023

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Background The first chikungunya virus (CHIKV) outbreaks during the modern scientific era were identified in the Americas in 2013, reaching high attack rates in Caribbean countries. However, few cohort studies have been performed to characterize the initial dynamics of CHIKV transmission in the New World. Methodology/Principal findings To describe the dynamics of CHIKV transmission shortly after its introduction in Brazil, we performed semi-annual serosurveys in a long-term community-based cohort of 652 participants aged ≥5 years in Salvador, Brazil, between Feb-Apr/2014 and Nov/2016-Feb/2017. CHIKV infections were detected using an IgG ELISA. Cumulative seroprevalence and seroincidence were estimated and spatial aggregation of cases was investigated. The first CHIKV infections were identified between Feb-Apr/2015 and Aug-Nov/2015 (incidence: 10.7%) and continued to be detected at low incidence in subsequent surveys (1.7% from Aug-Nov/2015 to Mar-May/2016 and 1.2% from Mar-May/2016 to Nov/206-Feb/2017). The cumulative seroprevalence in the last survey reached 13.3%. It was higher among those aged 30–44 and 45–59 years (16.1% and 15.6%, respectively), compared to younger (12.4% and 11.7% in <15 and 15–29 years, respectively) or older (10.3% in ≥60 years) age groups, but the differences were not statistically significant. The cumulative seroprevalence was similar between men (14.7%) and women (12.5%). Yet, among those aged 15–29 years, men were more often infected than women (18.1% vs. 7.4%, respectively, P = 0.01), while for those aged 30–44, a non-significant opposite trend was observed (9.3% vs. 19.0%, respectively, P = 0.12). Three spatial clusters of cases were detected in the study site and an increased likelihood of CHIKV infection was detected among participants who resided with someone with CHIKV IgG antibodies. Conclusions/Significance Unlike observations in other settings, the initial spread of CHIKV in this large urban center was limited and focal in certain areas, leaving a high proportion of the population susceptible to further outbreaks. Additional investigations are needed to elucidate the factors driving CHIKV spread dynamics, including understanding differences with respect to dengue and Zika viruses, in order to guide prevention and control strategies for coping with future outbreaks.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%