“…The broader impacts of energy insecurity and poverty on household environments are related to mental and physical health (Boateng et al, 2020;Herna ´ndez, 2016;Mayer and Smith, 2019;Snell et al, 2015), which is a serious situation during the COVID-19 pandemic (Casta ´n Broto and Kirshner, 2020;Chen et al, 2020;Graff and Carley, 2020;Memmott et al, 2021); for example, anxiety, stress, and depression are associated with poor housing conditions (Harrington et al, 2005;Liddell and Morris, 2010;Herna ´ndez et al, 2016). Energy insecurity is defined as households' inability to meet basic energy needs (Herna ´ndez, 2016;Memmott et al, 2021), while energy poverty is generally measured by the inability to pay for utility bills (Drehobl et al, 2020).…”