Household Food Security and Socio-demographic Dynamics at Twaloloka Unofficial Community, Walvis Bay, Namibia

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess household food security and coexisting socio-demographic factors at Twaloloka, also known as Otweya community in Walvis Bay, Namibia. Namibia, being perceived by the international communities as an upper middle-income country is one of the countries with high level of inequalities in the world, which experiences the alarming proliferation of unofficial suburbs with concomitant food challenges. The study adopts cross-sectional research design using structured self-administered questionnaire for data collection. Sampling technique followed random selection process as constrained by prevailing mistrust and skepticism expressed by a spectrum of members of the community. Social-demographic result revealed gender distribution of 72.8% female and 27.2% male, 85.2% of respondents were between the ages of 18 and 39, 91.4% were unmarried with a combined 79% attaining primary and secondary educational levels. About 40.7% were unemployed while 61.7% constitutes 5-8 inhabitants per dwelling. In terms of food security status, 19.1% were food secured while 68.9% experienced food insecurity with no significant association (p = 022; 95%CI) in relation to prevailing factors. The study revealed gross food insecurity within the community and reflected endemic socio-economic challenges as depicted by very low-income, educational and employment status. Provision of low cost and subsidized residential infrastructure by the government is highly recommended.