Household Fuel Use and the Risk of Gastrointestinal Cancers: The Golestan Cohort Study

Sheikh, Mahdi; Pourshams, Akram; Khoshnia, Masoud; Gharavi, Abdolsamad; Zahedi, Mahdi; Roshandel, Gholamreza; Sepanlou, Sadaf G; Fazel, Abdolreza; Hashemian, Maryam; Abaei, Behrooz; Sotoudeh, Masoud; Nikmanesh, Arash; Merat, Shahin; Etemadi, Arash; Moghaddam, Siavosh Nasseri; Islami, Farhad; Kamangar, Farin; Pharoah, Paul; Dawsey, Sanford M.; Abnet, Christian C.; Boffetta, Paolo; Malekzadeh, Reza

doi:10.1289/ehp5907

Cited by 26 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The Golestan cohort study from northeast Iran showed higher risk of gastrointestinal cancers in those who were exposed to biomass combustions from cooking and heating, without chimneys. 21 In our study, occupations that previously evaluated by the IARC monographs working groups and classified as 'carcinogenic to humans' (group 1) in relation to lung cancer; such as painter, welder, textile industry workers or having worked as rubber industry workers was not associated with excess lung cancer risk. 13 24 38-40 The reason of no association for these occupations could be the small sample size, and that the small numbers did not allow to evaluate the risk separately in various groups with different levels of exposure, for example, painters in construction industry, or automobile industry painters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Lung cancer risk in relation to jobs held in a nationwide case–control study in Iran

et al. 2022

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BackgroundGlobally, lung cancer is the most frequent occupational cancer, but the risk associated with the occupations or occupational environment in Iran is not clear. We aimed to assess occupations with the risk of lung cancer.MethodsWe used the IROPICAN nationwide case–control study data including 658 incident lung cancer cases and 3477 controls. We assessed the risk of lung cancer in relation to ever working in major groups of International Standard Classification of Occupations, high-risk occupations for lung cancer and duration of employment and lung cancer subtype among construction workers and farmers while controlling for cigarette smoking and opium consumption. We used unconditional regression logistic models to estimate ORs for the association between increased lung cancer risk and occupations.ResultsWe observed elevated ORs for lung cancer in male construction workers (OR=1.4; 95% CI: 1.0 to 1.8), petroleum industry workers (OR=3.2; 95% CI: 1.1 to 9.8), female farmers (OR=2.6; 95% CI: 1.3 to 5.3) and female bakers (OR=5.5; 95% CI: 1.0 to 29.8). A positive trend by the duration of employment was observed for male construction workers (p< 0.001). Increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma was observed in male construction workers (OR=1.9; 95% CI: 1.2 to 3.0) and female farmers (OR=4.3; 95% CI: 1.1 to 17.2), who also experienced an increased risk of adenocarcinoma (OR=3.8; 95% CI: 1.4 to 9.9).DiscussionAlthough we observed associations between some occupations and lung cancer consistent with the literature, further studies with larger samples focusing on exposures are needed to better understand the occupational lung cancer burden in Iran.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Lung cancer risk in relation to jobs held in a nationwide case–control study in Iran

et al. 2022

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“…Previously, we presented preliminary data linking biomass fuel use with increased risk of oesophageal and stomach carcinogenesis [15,21]. An Iranian prospective cohort study of up to 50,045 participants reported that household burning of biomass fuels increased the risk of digestive tract cancers among individuals [22]. There is an urgent need for experimental studies (involving both human and animal models) to identify internal dose carcinogenic biomarkers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between oesophageal cancer and biomass smoke exposure: a case-control study

Kayamba¹,

Mulenga²,

Mubbunu³

et al. 2022

ecancer

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Most African populations are regularly exposed to biomass smoke, but knowledge of associated health implications is limited. This study aimed to investigate the association between oesophageal cancer (OC) and exposure to biomass smoke. This case-control study was conducted in Lusaka, Zambia. Cases were patients with endoscopically diagnosed OC, while controls were healthy volunteers. Questionnaires were used to collect lifestyle risk factors. Two sets of data were analysed; one with unmatched cases and controls and the other one with matching by age and sex. We enrolled 366 patients (131 cases and 235 controls). Among the cases, 50 (38%) were female and the median age was 56 years (IQR = 46-65 years). OC was significantly associated with domestic exposure to biomass smoke in univariate analysis (OR: 3.1; 95% CI: 1.7-5.6, p < 0.001) and after adjusting for potential confounders (OR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.1-3.8, p = 0.017). Matched comparisons showed similar results for this association in univariate analysis (OR: 2.9; 95% CI: 1.5-5.8, p < 0.001) and using conditional logistic regression (OR: 2.8; 95% CI: 1.3-5.9, p = 0.005). Other risk factors found to be associated with OC were rural residence (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.0-5.3, p = 0.004), lack of formal education (OR: 3.9; 95% CI: 1.5-9.9, p = 0.04) and living in poor housing (OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.1-5.6, p = 0.034). In conclusion, there is an association between OC and domestic exposure to biomass smoke and other lifestyle factors linked to low socio-economic status.

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“…The literature suggests that indoor biomass burning is associated with lung cancer risk [56,57]. Robust evidence has been provided that biomass smoke from household cooking and heating is also associated with higher risks of gastrointestinal cancers [58][59][60]. Furthermore, indoor wood-burning stoves were suggested to be associated with a modestly increased risk of breast cancer in the Sister Study from the US [61].…”

Section: Plos Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to wildfire-related PM2.5 and site-specific cancer mortality in Brazil from 2010 to 2016: A retrospective study

Pei

Xu²,

Li³

et al. 2022

PLoS Med

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Background Long-term exposure to fine particles ≤2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) has been linked to cancer mortality. However, the effect of wildfire-related PM2.5 exposure on cancer mortality risk is unknown. This study evaluates the association between wildfire-related PM2.5 and site-specific cancer mortality in Brazil, from 2010 to 2016. Methods and findings Nationwide cancer death records were collected during 2010–2016 from the Brazilian Mortality Information System. Death records were linked with municipal-level wildfire- and non-wildfire-related PM2.5 concentrations, at a resolution of 2.0° latitude by 2.5° longitude. We applied a variant difference-in-differences approach with quasi-Poisson regression, adjusting for seasonal temperature and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the exposure for specific cancer sites were estimated. Attributable fractions and cancer deaths were also calculated. In total, 1,332,526 adult cancer deaths (age ≥ 20 years), from 5,565 Brazilian municipalities, covering 136 million adults were included. The mean annual wildfire-related PM2.5 concentration was 2.38 μg/m3, and the annual non-wildfire-related PM2.5 concentration was 8.20 μg/m3. The RR for mortality from all cancers was 1.02 (95% CI 1.01–1.03, p < 0.001) per 1-μg/m3 increase of wildfire-related PM2.5 concentration, which was higher than the RR per 1-μg/m3 increase of non-wildfire-related PM2.5 (1.01 [95% CI 1.00–1.01], p = 0.007, with p for difference = 0.003). Wildfire-related PM2.5 was associated with mortality from cancers of the nasopharynx (1.10 [95% CI 1.04–1.16], p = 0.002), esophagus (1.05 [95% CI 1.01–1.08], p = 0.012), stomach (1.03 [95% CI 1.01–1.06], p = 0.017), colon/rectum (1.08 [95% CI 1.05–1.11], p < 0.001), larynx (1.06 [95% CI 1.02–1.11], p = 0.003), skin (1.06 [95% CI 1.00–1.12], p = 0.003), breast (1.04 [95% CI 1.01–1.06], p = 0.007), prostate (1.03 [95% CI 1.01–1.06], p = 0.019), and testis (1.10 [95% CI 1.03–1.17], p = 0.002). For all cancers combined, the attributable deaths were 37 per 100,000 population and ranged from 18/100,000 in the Northeast Region of Brazil to 71/100,000 in the Central-West Region. Study limitations included a potential lack of assessment of the joint effects of gaseous pollutants, an inability to capture the migration of residents, and an inability to adjust for some potential confounders. Conclusions Exposure to wildfire-related PM2.5 can increase the risks of cancer mortality for many cancer sites, and the effect for wildfire-related PM2.5 was higher than for PM2.5 from non-wildfire sources.

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Household Fuel Use and the Risk of Gastrointestinal Cancers: The Golestan Cohort Study

Cited by 26 publications

References 43 publications

Lung cancer risk in relation to jobs held in a nationwide case–control study in Iran

Lung cancer risk in relation to jobs held in a nationwide case–control study in Iran

Association between oesophageal cancer and biomass smoke exposure: a case-control study

Exposure to wildfire-related PM2.5 and site-specific cancer mortality in Brazil from 2010 to 2016: A retrospective study

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