Household interventions for preventing domestic lead exposure in children

Nußbaumer-Streit, Barbara; Yeoh, Berlinda; Griebler, Ursula; Pfadenhauer, Lisa M.; Busert, Laura K; Lhachimi, Stefan K.; Lohner, Szimonetta; Gartlehner, Gerald

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006047.pub5

Cited by 42 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Despite these advances, several sources of occupational and community exposure to lead persist. 38,178,179 Leadglazed pottery is a notable source of exposure in several countries. 169,180 Infants in the womb can be exposed to lead via transplacental transfer, and nursing infants can be exposed to lead in breastmilk.…”

Section: Trends In Lead Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

The Lancet Commission on pollution and health

Landrigan

Fuller

Acosta³

et al. 2018

The Lancet

3,320

1,960

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Section: Trends In Lead Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

The Lancet Commission on pollution and health

Landrigan

Fuller

Acosta³

et al. 2018

The Lancet

3,320

1,960

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“…12 The focus is shifting from the care of symptomatic children toward a primary prevention approach targeting high-risk communities, as the most reliable and cost-effective strategy to protect children from lead toxicity. 12,66 Table 5 presents some recommendations for families to insure that their home is hazard-free with respect to lead contamination. It is critical that the individuals conducting residential abatement, or the removal, enclosure, or encapsulation of lead-based paint or lead-contaminated dust or soil receive appropriate training, and pregnant women, infants and children are out of the home environment during remediation and renovations in order to minimize further exposure to lead.…”

Section: Prevention Of Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

An Update on Childhood Lead Poisoning

Hauptman

Bruccoleri

Woolf

2017

Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine

128

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Childhood lead poisoning is a multi-faceted, complex condition, which affects not only the child’s health and well-being, but also the family’s housing security, economic status, job security, and stress level. This review updates the emergency department clinician on the management of childhood lead poisoning. Infants and children are at higher risk than adults for lead exposure due to their smaller size and proportionately larger dose of ingested toxins, their proximity to ground dirt and indoor dust, their energy and curiosity, their oral exploratory and pica behaviors, their proportionately larger daily water and milk intake, and dietary preferences that differ markedly from those of adults. Pediatric health care providers working in the emergency department can provide medical management, as well as preventive counseling and guidance, to parents of children presenting with evidence of acute or chronic lead poisoning.

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“…The lack of outreach to the Indigenous community has resulted in further criticism regarding the focus on individual behaviours, such as regularly cleaning hands and tables and growing lawns, while not addressing the underlying factors which make these changes unviable, such as poverty in some of Mount Isa's Indigenous community (ABC 2017a). A review of research on the effects of programs aimed at adjusting household behaviour found insufficient evidence that household educational interventions were effective at lowering children's BLLs (Nussbaumer-Streit et al 2016). In addition to these programs, Mount Isa Mines claims to have reduced its emissions significantly over the last decade in response to the health threat from lead exposure (ABC 2017b, NPI 2018), although concerns about the accuracy of this data (Cooper et al 2017) and the health risks from current airborne emissions (Taylor et al 2014) continue to be raised.…”

Section: Blood Lead Levels In Mount Isamentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental justice analyses may hide inequalities in Indigenous people’s exposure to lead in Mount Isa, Queensland

Cooper

Green

Sullivan

et al. 2018

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Distributive environmental justice studies frequently identify how ethnic minorities and communities of low socio-economic status (SES) are disproportionately likely to live in areas with an elevated risk of exposure to pollution. Few distributive justice studies have been conducted in Australia to explore whether this relationship is relevant to rural mining communities. In the remote mining city of Mount Isa, studies have found higher geometric mean blood lead levels (BLLs) among Indigenous children compared to non-Indigenous children. However, there is a lack of recent BLL data to determine conclusively if Indigenous children in Mount Isa are disproportionately exposed to lead pollution. We employed a common distributive environmental justice analysis approach to determine if Indigenous residents are disproportionately likely to live in areas with elevated soil lead concentrations. We analysed soil samples from 49 of 51 census areas at the Statistical Area 1 (SA1) level and measured the statistical correlation between soil lead concentration and the percentage of residents living in each SA1 who were of Indigenous status using Kendall's tau and linear regression. We found little evidence of an association between soil lead concentration and either Indigenous status or SES, indicating that Indigenous and low-SES residents are not disproportionately likely to live in areas with elevated concentrations of soil lead. The results of this study, along with prior research on mining emissions and housing quality in Mount Isa, indicate that elevated BLLs among Indigenous children may be due to low-SES increasing the risk of exposure as a result of lower quality housing. Actions by governing and mining bodies to address children's elevated BLLs in Mount Isa should give greater attention to risk factors related to SES. Furthermore, distributive environmental justice research must account for disparities in exposure which are not the result of disproportionate proximity to polluting sources.

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Household interventions for preventing domestic lead exposure in children

Abstract: Analysis 2.4. Comparison 2 Environmental interventions (dust control) compared to no intervention or another intervention not aimed to influence domestic lead exposure, Outcome 4 Blood lead level ≥ 10.0 µg/dL (dichotomous): ICC 0.

Cited by 42 publications

References 76 publications

The Lancet Commission on pollution and health

The Lancet Commission on pollution and health

An Update on Childhood Lead Poisoning

Environmental justice analyses may hide inequalities in Indigenous people’s exposure to lead in Mount Isa, Queensland

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