Household interventions for prevention of domestic lead exposure in children

Yeoh, Berlinda; Woolfenden, Susan; Wheeler, Danielle M; Alperstein, Garth; Lanphear, Bruce P.

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006047.pub2

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…There were significant differences between the scores for social withdrawal, depression, atypical body actions, aggressions, destructions, and total behavioral changes in children previously exposed to lead and the control group ( P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between these groups in sleeping problems. At present, most reports hold that blood lead levels have a relationship with behavior disorders in children, but no strong conclusions have been drawn yet as to which specific behaviors are influenced by lead exposure, which should be further studied [33,34]. Human intakes lead mainly from food, water and respiration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A clinical study of the effects of lead poisoning on the intelligence and neurobehavioral abilities of children

Hou

Jin

et al. 2013

Theor Biol Med Model

105

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BackgroundLead is a heavy metal and important environmental toxicant and nerve poison that can destruction many functions of the nervous system. Lead poisoning is a medical condition caused by increased levels of lead in the body. Lead interferes with a variety of body processes and is toxic to many organs and issues, including the central nervous system. It interferes with the development of the nervous system, and is therefore particularly toxic to children, causing potentially permanent neural and cognitive impairments. In this study, we investigated the relationship between lead poisoning and the intellectual and neurobehavioral capabilities of children.MethodsThe background characteristics of the research subjects were collected by questionnaire survey. Blood lead levels were detected by differential potentiometric stripping analysis (DPSA). Intelligence was assessed using the Gesell Developmental Scale. The Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was used to evaluate each child’s behavior.ResultsBlood lead levels were significantly negatively correlated with the developmental quotients of adaptive behavior, gross motor performance, fine motor performance, language development, and individual social behavior (P < 0.01). Compared with healthy children, more children with lead poisoning had abnormal behaviors, especially social withdrawal, depression, and atypical body movements, aggressions and destruction.ConclusionLead poisoning has adverse effects on the behavior and mental development of 2–4-year-old children, prescribing positive and effective precautionary measures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A clinical study of the effects of lead poisoning on the intelligence and neurobehavioral abilities of children

Hou

Jin

et al. 2013

Theor Biol Med Model

105

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“…Educational efforts to control environmental lead exposure have long been criticised in the scientific community for their lack of efficacy, and it is difficult to support their application in the absence of other management and primary prevention measures 1,22,57,58 . A recent meta‐analysis examining the effectiveness of household interventions using a large sample size ( n = 2239) demonstrated that household interventions involving education or dust control measures were not effective in reducing blood lead levels in children 58 . Thus, Turner's conclusion that was published in 1909 remains accurate: ‘ The curative treatment consists essentially in removing the child from the source of the poison.…”

Section: Intervention Strategies and Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons learned on lead poisoning in children: One‐hundred years on from Turner's declaration

Taylor

Schniering

Lanphear

et al. 2011

J Paediatrics Child Health

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There is significant emerging evidence showing life-long negative health, intellectual and socio-behavioural impacts as a result of childhood blood lead concentrations well below the widely used intervention level of 10 mg/dL. This issue raises serious health concerns for children in several Australian smelting and mining towns. Routine educational and home cleanliness advice to wet mop floors rather than to use a brush and pan to reduce lead exposure risks have been shown to have limited efficacy. This paper argues, as advocated 100 years ago by Queensland doctor Alfred Jefferis Turner, that childhood lead poisoning can only be mitigated via primary prevention and reduction of contaminants at source. Given that the effects of lead exposure are irreversible, there is a strong argument for the application of the precautionary principle to dealing with childhood lead exposure. There is a clear need to improve regulatory controls and emissions management to reduce environmental lead exposure risks.

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“…The authors of a 2008 meta-analysis examined 12 studies and concluded that there is no evidence that household interventions for education or dust control measures are effective in reducing BLLs in children. (2)…”

Section: Environmental Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%