Household livelihoods in semi-arid regions: options and constraints

Campbell, Bruce M.; Jeffrey, Scott R.; Kozanayi, W.; Luckert, Martin K.; Mutamba, M.; Zindi, Christopher

doi:10.17528/cifor/001099

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…Thus, according to Neumann and Hirsch (2000), NTFPs are very important for the rural poor as a livelihood strategy, but they rarely provide the means for socioeconomic advancement. Campbell et al (2002) concur with Neumann and Hirsch (2000) when they state that they have found no evidence that NTFPs in woodlands are able to lift people out of poverty.…”

Section: I11 Pessimistic Thesis: Ntfps As a Poverty Trap Factorsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Theoretically, the role of NTFPs in poverty reduction has been the subject of controversy among researchers. According to Neumann and Hirsch (2000), Campbell et al (2002) and Angelsen and Wunder (2003), NTFPs are undoubtedly important in enabling many poor people to survive, but they are less important in helping people escape poverty. In contrast to this pessimistic view of the potential of NTFPs, other researchers such as Sunderlin et al (2005) and Shackleton et al (2007) believe that NTFPs can alleviate poverty (by supplementing incomes and functioning as safety nets) or reduce poverty (by providing high incomes).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of non-timber forest products in reducing rural poverty in Burkina Faso

OUEDRAOGO,

MAIGA,

ESBJERG

2024

Preprint

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Using data collected in 2023 on five hundred and thirty (530) randomly selected rural households in two regions of Burkina Faso, this research investigates the contribution of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) exploitation to rural poverty reduction using two different approaches. Firstly, it considers NTFP income as an "exogenous transfer", which is added to total household income, and compares the Foster, Greer and Thorbecke (FGT) poverty indices calculated with and without NTFP income. Secondly, it considers NTFP income as a "potential substitute" for other household income and simulates the counterfactual of what rural household income and poverty would be in the absence of access to NTFPs. The results show that in the absence of NTFPs, rural poverty would be much higher and deeper. These results suggest that rural development policies focused on the sustainable exploitation of these products are potentially feasible. This would require improving rural populations' access to NTFPs through the domestication of species providing the main NTFPs.

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Section: I11 Pessimistic Thesis: Ntfps As a Poverty Trap Factorsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of non-timber forest products in reducing rural poverty in Burkina Faso

OUEDRAOGO,

MAIGA,

ESBJERG

2024

Preprint

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“…The benefit provided by forests to the overall economic situation of marginalized rural households in the customary region of Sardasht is not inconsequential and is larger than the 12.5% of total household income observed in North Zagros [21] and smaller than the 25-30% observed in South Zagros [20,24]. In fact, the relative contribution of forest resources to household income in Central Zagros is broadly comparable to that of the 6-15% observed in southern Cameroon [48] and 15% in southern Zimbabwe [49] and Malawi [50] but lower than the 15-50% in southern India [51], 27% in northern Ethiopia [52], 30% in Hyrcanian forests in Iran [11], 31.5% in southern China [8], 39% in northern Benin [53], and 49% in Oca, Peru [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Livelihood Analysis and a New Inferential Model for Development of Forest-Dependent Rural Communities

Mahmoudi,

Zenner,

Mafi-Gholami

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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The livelihood of many households and communities in the Central Zagros of Iran is strongly dependent on income from forests. While this has led to the widespread over-utilization of forests, poverty levels have remained high and rural development low. The objective of this study was to understand how households utilize forests and to what extent forests contribute to household income and alleviate poverty in order to develop strategies to raise families out of poverty and offer development perspectives to communities that avoid destructive forest utilization. To do so, semi-structured interviews were conducted in five rural communities, community poverty was quantified using several indices (e.g., the Census Ratio Index, Poverty Gap Index), the level of rural development was quantified using socio-economic indicators, and an inferential model was developed that combines household dependence on forests with the level of rural development to provide development perspectives. Local households earned income from nine livelihood strategies that involve forests. Forest-dependent strategies provided the second highest economic share (18.1%) of household income, averaging IRR 27.7 million (USD 657) annually, and moved 12% of households above the poverty line (76% still remained below). Without forest income, most indices of poverty decreased, income inequality increased by 11%, and poverty depth increased 1.54-fold. The low development index of most villages indicates that rural villagers are heavily dependent on forests to meet their livelihood. Our conceptual model indicates that communities should pursue different development strategies that consider whether households depend on forests to meet their livelihood or derive more supplemental income.

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“…The main use, however, has been in relation to forest products. Early work to quantify total rural household income in low-and middle-income countries (Angelsen and Wunder 2003, Campbell et al 2002, Cavendish 2000, Sjaastad et al 2005, Vedeld et al 2004) led to widespread use of the term environmental income: "income (cash or in kind) obtained from the harvesting of resources provided through natural processes not requiring intensive management" (PEN 2007: 19). While the term environmental products was not defined in this early work, resultant studies provided useful examples of the valuation of these products (e.g.…”

Section: The Definition Of Environmental Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental products: a definition, a typology, and a goodbye to non-timber forest products

Smith-Hall,

Chamberlain

2023

int. forest. rev.

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The material relationships between nature and people are complex and rich, ranging from support to current consumption to safety nets and poverty reduction. The term 'non-timber forest products' (in many different guises) has been used for decades in attempts to group a wide range of products, such as barks, bulbs, caterpillars, leaves, and fruits, without consensus on the definition. Here we argue that a different approach to product classification would be beneficial. We propose the term 'environmental products' defined simply and eloquently as "tangible biotic and abiotic goods gathered from any biome or created through synthetic production". We propose a typology with six dimensions: product type, mode of production, purpose of production, scale of production, resource tenure, and biome of origination. The typology allows for consistent and transparent delimitation of environmental products useful to actors with varying objectives. We apply the typology to two cases, illustrating that the older terminology is no longer needed.

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Household livelihoods in semi-arid regions: options and constraints

Cited by 21 publications

References 58 publications

The role of non-timber forest products in reducing rural poverty in Burkina Faso

The role of non-timber forest products in reducing rural poverty in Burkina Faso

Livelihood Analysis and a New Inferential Model for Development of Forest-Dependent Rural Communities

Environmental products: a definition, a typology, and a goodbye to non-timber forest products

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