Household Pesticide Usage in the United States

Savage, Eldon P.; Keefe, Thomas J.; Wheeler, H. W.; Mounce, Luke; Helwic, L; Applehans, F; Goes, E. A.; Goes, T; Mihlan, Gary; Rench, Jerry D.; Taylor, D. K.

doi:10.1080/00039896.1981.10667642

Cited by 55 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Mostly, previous studies covered a wider range of pesticides besides insecticides, for example, herbicides, rodenticides, disinfectants, and insect repellents, and may have considered usage over longer or shorter periods. For example, Savage et al (1981) reported that in the EPA region IX where California is located, 82.5% and 62.2% of households had ever used pesticides in the house and yard respectively, during late 1970s. Adgate et al (2000) collected residential pesticide inventory data in 1997 from households with children age 3-12 years in Minnesota, and reported a comparable prevalence of pesticide use for 88% of households during the past year.…”

Section: Comparison With Existing Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several nationaland regional-scale studies have been conducted, demonstrating that up to 90% of US households used pesticides in their house, garden, or yard, and more than half of the products applied were insecticides (Savage et al, 1981;Davis et al, 1992;Whitmore et al, 1994;Adgate et al, 2000;Colt et al, 2004). However, estimating human exposures from residential insecticide applications has been a challenge because of the lack of detailed information on the manner and patterns of applications and exposure related behaviors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Residential insecticide usage in northern California homes with young children

Bennett

Ritz

et al. 2010

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Residential insecticide usage and actual application details were collected in a population-based sample of 477 households residing within 22 counties in northern California with at least one child of age p5 years between January 2006 and August 2008. Structured telephone interviews were conducted collecting information on residential use of insecticides, including outdoor sprays, indoor sprays, indoor foggers, applications by professionals, and pet flea/tick control during the previous year. Interviews also covered post-treatment behaviors, which influence post-application exposure levels. Altogether, 80% of the households applied some type of insecticide in the previous year, with half of this population using two or more application methods. Of the households using insecticides, half reported applying insecticides relatively infrequently (o4 times per year), whereas 11-13% reported high frequency of use (424 times per year). Application frequency was temperature dependent, with significantly more applications during the warmer months from May through October. Spot treatments appeared to be the most prevalent application pattern for sprays. For one out of three of the indoor applications, children played in the treated rooms on the day of the application, and for 40% of the outdoor applications, pets played in the treated area on the day of the application. These findings describing the intensity of insecticide use and accompanying behaviors in families with young children may inform future insecticide exposure modeling efforts, and ultimately, risk assessments.

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Section: Comparison With Existing Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residential insecticide usage in northern California homes with young children

Bennett

Ritz

et al. 2010

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…The questionnaire was derived from the baseline questionnaire used in the National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (Lioy et al, 2000), and contained additional questions about pesticide use patterns drawn from NOPES (Whitmore et al, 1994) and the National Home and Garden Pesticide Use Survey (Savage et al, 1981).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regular use of pesticides to control household pests is wide spread (Savage et al, 1981;Davis et al, 1992). The EPA Non-Occupational Pesticide Exposure Study (NOPES) found elevated levels of pesticide residues from household use in nearly all houses sampled (Whitmore et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal pesticide use in a rural community on the US/Mexico border

Freeman

Shalat

Black

et al. 2004

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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c TDI-Brooks International, College Station, TX, USA An environmental measurement and correlation study of infant and toddler exposure to pesticides was carried out in a colonia south of the city of Laredo, Texas. As part of the study, homes were visited during the late spring or summer, and during the winter of 2000-2001. At each visit, families reported on their use of pesticides in and around the home and floor wipe samples were collected and analyzed for 14 organophosphate and triazine pesticides. Selection of homes was based on the presence of infants and toddlers. A total of 27 homes participated in both seasonal visits. The interval between visits was 671.4 months. Univariate and multivariate nonparametric analyses were carried out using SPSS s statistical software. Pesticide use within the home was more often reported than outside use and showed seasonal variation in use patterns. Indoor use was primarily associated with ants and cockroaches, and secondarily with rodents. The primary room treated was the kitchen, and the primary structures treated were the floors, lower walls, and dish cupboards. Seasonal variations were not found in the use of pesticides used outside the home and outdoor use was primarily associated with ant control. Based on parent reports, most pesticides used in the homes were pyrethroids. Several of the pesticides measured in floor wipe samples, Azinphos methyl, Fonofos, and Simazine, also showed seasonal variations. However, these pesticides are used in agriculture and were not associated with reported house and yard use patterns.

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“…Although nonchemical alternative methods of control exist, these chemical products provide an easy and effective solution (Grieshop et al, 1992). Evidence of their success is that over 90% of households in the USA and UK use them (Savage et al, 1981;Grieshop and Stiles, 1989;Davis et al, 1992;Grieshop et al, 1992;Adgate et al, 2000;Grey, 2003). More recent or larger surveys may suggest this figure is declining in the USA to about 75% (Whitmore et al, 1992;Donaldson et al, 2002;Berkowitz et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%