Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2

Metlay, Joshua P.; Haas, Jennifer S.; Soltoff, Alexander; Armstrong, Katrina

doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.0304

Cited by 34 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This may be true for household contacts too. We observed a non-significant 37% increase in RR from household contacts, higher than that which was recently reported, although we had less power to detect such associations [57]. As recently reported, there is a public underappreciation of the importance of barriers.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 81%

Adverse Life Trajectories Are a Risk Factor for SARS-CoV-2 IgA Seropositivity

Holuka

Snoeck

Mériaux

et al. 2021

JCM

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Asymptomatic individuals, called “silent spreaders” spread SARS-CoV-2 efficiently and have complicated control of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. As seen in previous influenza pandemics, socioeconomic and life-trajectory factors are important in disease progression and outcome. The demographics of the asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers are unknown. We used the CON-VINCE cohort of healthy, asymptomatic, and oligosymptomatic individuals that is statistically representative of the overall population of Luxembourg for age, gender, and residency to characterise this population. Gender (male), not smoking, and exposure to early-life or adult traumatic experiences increased the risk of IgA seropositivity, and the risk associated with early-life exposure was a dose-dependent metric, while some other known comorbidities of active COVID-19 do not impact it. As prior exposure to adversity is associated with negative psychobiological reactions to external stressors, we recorded psychological wellbeing during the study period. Exposure to traumatic events or concurrent autoimmune or rheumatic disease were associated with a worse evolution of anxiety and depressive symptoms throughout the lockdown period. The unique demographic profile of the “silent spreaders” highlights the role that the early-life period plays in determining our lifelong health trajectory and provides evidence that the developmental origins of health and disease is applicable to infectious diseases.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 81%

Adverse Life Trajectories Are a Risk Factor for SARS-CoV-2 IgA Seropositivity

Holuka

Snoeck

Mériaux

et al. 2021

JCM

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“…Compared with the SAR for 28 studies 12,14,17,27,94 from January to February 2020 (13.4%; 95% CI, 10.7%-16.7%), the SAR was significantly higher for 30 studies 6,7,15,16,19,22,25,26,28,30,[68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86]93 from March to April 2020 (19.4%; 95% CI, 15.2%-24.5%; P = .03) and 15 studies 5,8,10,18,20,21,23,24,29,31,32,35,37,38,40 from July 2020 to March 2021 (31.1%; 95% CI, 22.6%-41.1%; P < .001) but not significantly different from the SAR for 14 studies…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Characteristics of Studies Included in Analysis of Household Secondary Attack Rates for SARS-CoV-2 (continued) ,23,24,29,37,40,45,79,[88][89][90]92 21.0(13.8-30.6) No 75[4][5][6][7][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][25][26][27][28][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][74][75][76][77][78][80][81][82][83][84]…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated With Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2

et al. 2021

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IMPORTANCE A previous systematic review and meta-analysis of household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 that summarized 54 published studies through October 19, 2020, found an overall secondary attack rate (SAR) of 16.6% (95% CI, 14.0%-19.3%). However, the understanding of household secondary attack rates for SARS-CoV-2 is still evolving, and updated analysis is needed.OBJECTIVE To use newly published data to further the understanding of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the household.

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“…Based on epidemiological investigations and contact tracing, airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been reported among household contacts ( Hwang et al, 2021 ; Lewis et al, 2020 ; Wu et al, 2020 ). The secondary infection rate increases in such settings ( Grijalva et al, 2020 ; Qian et al, 2020 ), implicating household transmissions as a major source of new infections ( Metlay et al, 2021 ). In a residential setting, people share common spaces and are hence prone to substantial risk of infection while residing with SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals ( Fung et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 in residential rooms of two self-isolating persons with COVID-19

Shankar

Witanachchi

Morea

et al. 2022

Journal of Aerosol Science

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Individuals with COVID-19 are advised to self-isolate at their residences unless they require hospitalization. Persons sharing a dwelling with someone who has COVID-19 have a substantial risk of being exposed to the virus. However, environmental monitoring for the detection of virus in such settings is limited. We present a pilot study on environmental sampling for SARS-CoV-2 virions in the residential rooms of two volunteers with COVID-19 who self-quarantined. Apart from standard surface swab sampling, based on availability, four air samplers positioned 0.3–2.2 m from the volunteers were used: a VI able V irus A erosol S ampler (VIVAS), an inline air sampler that traps particles on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filters, a NIOSH 2-stage cyclone sampler (BC-251), and a Sioutas personal cascade impactor sampler (PCIS). The latter two selectively collect particles of specific size ranges. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected by real-time Reverse-Transcription quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (rRT-qPCR) analyses of particles in one air sample from the room of volunteer A and in various air and surface samples from that of volunteer B. The one positive sample collected by the NIOSH sampler from volunteer A's room had a quantitation cycle (Cq) of 38.21 for the N-gene, indicating a low amount of airborne virus [5.69E-02 SARS-CoV-2 genome equivalents (GE)/cm 3 of air]. In contrast, air samples and surface samples collected off the mobile phone in volunteer B's room yielded Cq values ranging from 14.58 to 24.73 and 21.01 to 24.74, respectively, on the first day of sampling, indicating that this volunteer was actively shedding relatively high amounts of SARS-CoV-2 at that time. The SARS-CoV-2 GE/cm 3 of air for the air samples collected by the PCIS was in the range 6.84E+04 to 3.04E+05 using the LED-N primer system, the highest being from the stage 4 filter, and similarly, ranged from 2.54E+03 to 1.68E+05 GE/cm 3 in air collected by the NIOSH sampler. Attempts to isolate the virus in cell culture from the samples from volunteer B's room with the aforementioned Cq values were unsuccessful due to out-competition by a co-infecting Human adenovirus B3 (HAdVB3) that killed the Vero E6 cell cultures within 4 days of their inoculation, although Cq values of 34.56–37.32 were measured upon rRT-qPCR analyses of vRNA purified from the cell culture medium. The size distribution of SARS-CoV-2-laden aerosol particles collected from the air of volunteer B's room was >0.25 μm and >0.1 μm as recorded by the PCIS and the NIOSH sampler, respectively, suggesting a risk of aerosol transmission since these particles can remain suspended in air for an extended time and travel over long distances. The detection of virus in surface samples also underscores the potential for fomite transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor settings.

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Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2

Cited by 34 publications

References 4 publications

Adverse Life Trajectories Are a Risk Factor for SARS-CoV-2 IgA Seropositivity

Adverse Life Trajectories Are a Risk Factor for SARS-CoV-2 IgA Seropositivity

Factors Associated With Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2

SARS-CoV-2 in residential rooms of two self-isolating persons with COVID-19

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