Housing and tuberculosis in an Inuit village in northern Quebec: a case-control study

Khan, Faiz Ahmad; Fox, Greg J.; Lee, Robyn S; Riva, Mylène; Benedetti, Andrea; Proulx, Jean-François; Jung, Shelley; Hornby, Karen; Behr, Marcel A.; Menzies, Dick

doi:10.9778/cmajo.20160049

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Among First Nations communities in Canada, an increase in 0.1 persons per room was associated with a 40% increase in the risk of two or more cases of TB occurring,22 however the findings were limited due to the lack of data on other SDH in the models. In the case-control study in Nunavik, crowding was associated with increased odds of newly diagnosed TB infection among people who lived in smear-positive TB households 9. Our findings provide additional support to these findings by adjusting for several other SDH and highlights that small incremental increases in the persons per room can result in significant increases in TB cases.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Inadequate nutrition was associated with increased susceptibility for TB infection 8. Crowded housing was also associated with increased odds of newly diagnosed TB infection among people who lived in smear-positive TB households during a TB outbreak 9. In another case-control study done among Inuit from Greenland, Inuit ethnicity, living in a settlement, unemployment, frequent alcohol intake, and low hygienic standards were associated with active TB disease 10…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The significant inequities in SDH experienced by Inuit have been linked with the high TB incidence rates in the Nunangat. After a TB outbreak among Inuit in Nunavik (northern Quebec), case-control studies demonstrated associations between latent TB infection (LTBI) and both diet8 and crowding 9. Inadequate nutrition was associated with increased susceptibility for TB infection 8.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Social determinants of health among residential areas with a high tuberculosis incidence in a remote Inuit community

Kilabuk

Momoli

Mallick

et al. 2019

J Epidemiol Community Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) remains a significant health burden among Inuit in Canada. Social determinants of health (SDH) play a key role in TB infection, disease and ongoing transmission in this population. The objective of this research was to estimate the prevalence of social determinants of Inuit health as they relate to latent TB infection (LTBI) among people living in residential areas at high risk for TB in Iqaluit, Nunavut.MethodsInperson home surveys were conducted among those who lived in predetermined residential areas at high risk for TB identified in a door-to-door TB prevention campaign in Iqaluit, Nunavut in 2011. Risk ratios for SDH and LTBI were estimated, and multiple imputation was used to address missing data.Results261 participants completed the questionnaire. Most participants identified as Inuit (82%). Unadjusted risk ratios demonstrated that age, education, smoking tobacco, crowded housing conditions and Inuit ethnicity were associated with LTBI. After adjusting for other SDH, multivariable analysis showed an association between LTBI with increasing age (relative risk, RR 1.07, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.11), crowded housing (RR 1.48, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.00) and ethnicity (RR 2.76, 95% CI 1.33 to 5.73) after imputing missing data.ConclusionAmong high-risk residential areas for TB in a remote Arctic region of Canada, crowded housing and Inuit ethnicity were associated with LTBI after adjusting for other SDH. In addition to strong screening and treatment programmes, alleviating the chronic housing shortage will be a key element in the elimination of TB in the Canadian Inuit Nunangat.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Social determinants of health among residential areas with a high tuberculosis incidence in a remote Inuit community

Kilabuk

Momoli

Mallick

et al. 2019

J Epidemiol Community Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Food insecurity increases the risk of TB infection and poor treatment outcomes such as treatment failure and death [16,17]. Finally, crowded housing is associated with a higher contact rate between individuals, thereby increasing the likelihood of M. tuberculosis transmission [18][19][20]. There exist culturally appropriate programs to address these risk factors; for example, plain packaging was introduced for commercial tobacco products in Aboriginal communities in Australia [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social and behavioral risk reduction strategies for tuberculosis prevention in Canadian Inuit communities: a cost-effectiveness analysis

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Tuberculosis (TB) is an important public health problem in Inuit communities across Canada, with an annual incidence rate in 2017 that was nearly 300 times higher than in Canadian-born non-Indigenous individuals. Social and behavioral factors that are prevalent in the North, such as commercial tobacco use, excessive alcohol use, food insecurity and overcrowded housing put individuals at higher risk for TB morbidity and mortality. We examined the potential impact of mitigation strategies for these risk factors, in reducing TB burden in this setting. Methods We created a transmission model to simulate the epidemiology of TB in Nunavut, Canada. We then used a decision analysis model to assess the potential impact of several evidence-based strategies targeting tobacco use, excessive alcohol use, food insecurity and overcrowded housing. We predicted TB incidence, TB-related deaths, quality adjusted life years (QALYs), and associated costs and cost-effectiveness over 20 years. All costs were expressed in 2018 Canadian dollars. Results Compared to a status quo scenario with no new interventions for these risk factors, the reduction strategy for tobacco use was most effective and cost-effective, reducing TB incidence by 5.5% (95% uncertainty range: 2.7–11%) over 20 years, with an estimated cost of $95,835 per TB case prevented and $49,671 per QALY gained. The addition of the food insecurity reduction strategy reduced incidence by a further 2% (0.5–3%) compared to the tobacco cessation strategy alone, but at significant cost. Conclusions Strategies that aim to reduce commercial tobacco use and improve food security will likely lead to modest reductions in TB morbidity and mortality. Although important for the communities, strategies that address excess alcohol use and overcrowding will likely have a more limited impact on TB-related outcomes at current scale, and are associated with much higher cost. Their benefits will be more substantial with scale up, which will also likely have important downstream impacts such as improved mental health, educational attainment and food security.

show abstract

“…Previous studies reported the incidence of TB in children occurs related to several factors such as exposure to adult TB patients, intimate contact with a TB, housing condition such as household crowding, and ventilation. [9][10][11][12] Understanding in risk factors of childhood TB occurence is crucial to conduct effective strategy of control and prevention. In this study, we conduct case contol study to find out variables which influences the childhood TB in Banyumas Regency, Central Java, Indonesia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors associated with childhood tuberculosis: a case control study in endemic tuberculosis area

Zuraida

Wijayanti

2018

Int J Community Med Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Childhood TB is under-reported due to challenges in diagnostic, since usually it is smear-negative. The majority of TB cases in children less than 12 years of age are smear-negative, and smears are seldom carried out in endemic countries. 6 In 2016, it is estimated about 1 million children affected with TB and 250 000 children ABSTRACT Background: Tuberculosis (TB) in childreen is still considered as important public health problems in various countries, including Indonesia. Risk factors related to childhood tuberculosis is crucial to identify in order to conduct prevention effort effectively. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of environmental health in house, contact history and nutritional status toward childhood tuberculosis. Methods: This research is an analytical observational study using case-control design, with 35 samples of the case and 35 samples of the control. Several variables such as house environment, contact history and nutritional status were obtained by questionnaire and observation in house of respondents. Data analysis was conducted using Logistic Regression test to determine correlation between independent and dependent variables. Results: This research highlighted that contact history and nutritional status were correlated with childhood tuberculosis. While house environment variables such as lighting level, floor type, house occupancy density were not related to the incidence of tuberculosis in children. Conclusions: Contact history and nutritional status were the factors which determined childhood tuberculosis in Banyumas. It is important for parents to maintain good nutritional status of their children and to avoid them from contact with tuberculosis patients.

show abstract

Housing and tuberculosis in an Inuit village in northern Quebec: a case-control study

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Social determinants of health among residential areas with a high tuberculosis incidence in a remote Inuit community

Social determinants of health among residential areas with a high tuberculosis incidence in a remote Inuit community

Social and behavioral risk reduction strategies for tuberculosis prevention in Canadian Inuit communities: a cost-effectiveness analysis

Risk factors associated with childhood tuberculosis: a case control study in endemic tuberculosis area

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About