Housing Markets and Housing Policies in India

Abstract

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JGI Volume 13, Number 1 - Full Issue

“…It is reported that there is a housing demand of almost 19 million housing units in India's urban areas, according to 2011 census. Within existing city centers, a breakdown shows that 80% of the demand comes from the need for replacement houses among people living in overcrowded or congested conditions (conditions deemed as unfit for living), and only 5% of it comes from homeless people (Kundu, 2012;Tiwari & Rao, 2016). This demand when analyzed at a state level reveals that the states of Utter Pradesh and Maharashtra (home states of Delhi and Mumbai) are most in need of urban housing.…”

“…This process involved forceful evictions that often resulted in resettling the evicted in remote areas outside cities or on the periphery. This relocation made life more difficult for the already economically disadvantaged population as they were disconnected from their work places and public infrastructure, therefore, they often returned to squatting within the city limits (Tiwari & Rao, 2016).…”

Housing for All in India and Its Future in Sustainable Development

“…The high demand of building materials and resources due to mass housing construction activities led to their increased costs which eventually shrank the construction industry, slowing down the construction process. This scenario put added pressure on the existing housing stock raising the prices and making it unaffordable to the poor (Tiwari and Rao 2016). The government tried to control prices by introducing regulations like the legislative control act on rent (the Rental Control Act).…”

“…This act backfired in the sense that the private sector seeing no monetary incentive or growth in the rental opportunities refused to invest in them, which led to limited rental options for the poor. This shortfall in housing was compensated by people settling informally in and around cities, creating crowded and unplanned settlements, which in the absence of any public infrastructure and support, often turned into slum-like conditions (Tiwari and Rao 2016).The strategy of clearing the appalling living conditions through forceful evictions often resulted in resettling the evicted in remote areas outside cities or on the periphery, where they upon finding life more difficult, being disconnected from their work places and public infrastructure, frequently returned to squatting within the city limits.…”

Post-Independence Institutional Efforts in Planned Housing Development in Amritsar (Punjab, India)

“…As per the Report of the Technical Group on Housing Shortage for the Twelfth Plan Period the estimated housing shortage in urban areas is 18.78 million housing units. However, the existing housing shortfall gets increased by 3 million at 21.87 million units with the inclusion of nondurable houses [6]. In the post-independence era, the government has made various efforts for housing development by establishing different institutes such as HUDCO, National Buildings Organisation (NBO), Central Public Works Department etc.…”