Housing reforms in China

Fong, Peter K.W.

doi:10.1016/0197-3975(89)90036-2

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…A large body of literature has been created on China's housing reform (for example, Barlow & Renaud, 1989;Fong, 1989;Kirky, 1990;Lau, 1993;Wang & Murie, 1996;Wang, 2001;Zhang, 1998;Zhou & Logan, 1996). This body of literature focuses on the documentation of policy and policy changes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Institutional transformation and marketisation: the changing patterns of housing investment in urban China

Zhang

2006

Habitat International

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Institutional transformation and marketisation: the changing patterns of housing investment in urban China

Zhang

2006

Habitat International

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“…These principles were, as shared by the former socialist economies in Eastern Europe, state ownership and distribution, centrally planned production, virtually free provision to the end-users, exclusion of market mechanisms and general tolerance of owneroccupation but nationalization of the private rented properties. Consequently, it also faced some of the housing problems encountered by these economies; notably a severe housing shortage with low space standards in aggregate terms, a legacy of extremely low rental charges, and a housing stock with poor conditions generally (Chiu, 1996a;Chiu, 1996b;Clapham, 1995;Fong, 1989;Wang & Murie, 1996;The World Bank, 1992. ) In order to resolve these problems, the Chinese government has initiated a series of housing reform programs since 1980.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commodification of Housing With Chinese Characteristics

Chiu

2001

Review of Policy Research

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In its attempt to reform the housing system, China has rapidly marketized but not privatized the housing production process and system. In contrast, the consumption of housing is privatized quickly but marketized slowly. Yet, the housing allocation process still largely relies on the old system of heavy subsidization. Nonetheless, housing subsidy has been curtailed and the growth in home ownership and the future pegging of rent and price with household income would dwarf the housing provider role of the government. The commodification process necessitated new government roles since government support in infrastructure and superstructure is essential for the healthy functioning of the newly emerged housing market. Overall, retention of the public ownership of the development companies and the housing financiers differentiate the Chinese housing reform process from those of other market and post-socialist economies. Copyright 2001 by The Policy Studies Organization.

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“…7 The rigid housing welfare system, in which urban housing was offered at nominal rent by work units and municipal housing bureaus, became a heavy fiscal burden and an institutional constraint on governmental capacity to improve housing conditions. Therefore, since 1980 when the economic reforms toward a socialist market economy were officially announced, the Chinese government has launched a series of housing reform programmes to tackle this pressing housing deficiency (Fong, 1989;The World Bank, 1992;Wang and Murie, 1996;Yeh and Wu, 1999). A major change in housing reform was that housing benefits would be provided in cash wages rather than in kind.…”

Section: Hybrid Gated Settlements In Transitional Urban China 1978-pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design history of China's gated cities and neighbourhoods: Prototype and evolution

Yang

2009

Urban Des Int

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As a global phenomenon, the gating form of gated community is often understood within a general context which by and large ignores the significance of the unique historical, political and socio-cultural momentums in a specific urban context. Through a historical review of the vicissitudes of gated cities, neighbourhoods and residential compounds in China and their physical evolution as well as the social change behind them, this paper endeavours to reveal that the enclosed physical forms and organizational patterns of gated community are deeply ingrained in the Chinese history of city design. Moreover, it shows that rather than exhibiting a localized version of a global process, gated community in contemporary China has its own socio-political rationale in the making. In consequence, the ingrained tradition and unique developing trajectory have a profound impact on both the visible and the invisible characteristics of gated community in China today, while the latter has eventually distinguished itself from all its predecessors in history. Based on this review, this paper concludes by arguing that any comprehensive understanding of gated community in contemporary China can only be achieved if the significance of the historical and local socio-political context is fully appreciated.

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Housing reforms in China

Cited by 14 publications

References 5 publications

Institutional transformation and marketisation: the changing patterns of housing investment in urban China

Institutional transformation and marketisation: the changing patterns of housing investment in urban China

Commodification of Housing With Chinese Characteristics

Design history of China's gated cities and neighbourhoods: Prototype and evolution

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