How a radial glial cell decides to become a multiciliated ependymal cell

Abstract

The V-SVZ adult neurogenic niche is located in the wall of the lateral ventricles and contains neural stem cells, with self-renewing and differentiating ability and postmitotic multiciliated ependymal cells, an important structural and trophic component of the niche. The niche is established at postnatal stages from a subpopulation of radial glial cells, determined during embryogenesis. Radial glial cells constitute a heterogeneous population, which give rise, in addition to niche cellular components, to neurons and glial cells. The mechanisms that direct their fate commitment towards V-SVZ niche cells are largely unknown. In the present review, we discuss recent findings on the signaling networks governing fate commitment decisions of radial glial cells towards multiciliated ependymal cells. We highlight the role of two novel factors: McIdas and GemC1/Lynkeas and the molecular pathways which they activate in order to promote ependymal cell differentiation. Finally, we discuss a possible crosstalk of known signaling pathways, such as Notch, STAT3, and BMPs, for the specification of ependymal versus adult neural stem cells in the V-SVZ niche. GLIA 2017;65:1032-1042.

Brain ependymocytes in neurogenesis and maintaining integrity of blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier

“…Так, установлено, что взрослая нейрогенная ниша V-SVZ, расположенная в желудочково-субвентрикулярной зоне стенки боковых желудочков, наряду с нервными стволовыми клетками с самообновляющейся и дифференцирующейся способностью содержит также постмитотические многоресничные эпендимальные клетки, являющиеся важным структурным и трофическим компонентом ниши. Ниша формируется в постнатальный период из субпопуляции радиальных глиальных клеток, при этом процесс дифференцировки последних в многоресничные эпендимальные клетки происходит с участием факторов McIdas и GemC1/Lynkeas и активируемых ими сигнальных путей [39] (рисунок 1).…”

Development of the Myocardial Interstitium

“…This developmental coronary blood vessel differentiation patterning seems to be dependent on the Notch signaling pathway, given that Notch1, 3 and 4 and the Notch ligand DII4 are specifically expressed in arterial endothelial cells and control EphrinB2 expression (Lawson et al, ). Thus, coronary expression of Notch pathway receptors and ligands, which are also present in other stem cell niches (Sailaja et al, ; Seshadri and Qu, ; Kyrousi et al, ), suggests that blood vessels could be a pivotal element of potential CI niches.…”

GemC1 governs multiciliogenesis through direct interaction with and transcriptional regulation of p73

“…Recent findings have emphasized the role of the geminin family members McIdas (also known as Idas) (Pefani et al, 2011) and geminin coiled-coil domain-containing protein 1 (GMNC; also known as Lynkeas; hereafter referred to as GemC1) (Balestrini et al, 2010), to multiciliate cell fate acquisition and differentiation (reviewed in Arbi et al, 2018;Kyrousi et al, 2016Kyrousi et al, , 2017. GemC1 had initially been identified as a cell cycle regulator, essential for the initiation of DNA replication during the transition from G1 to S phase (Balestrini et al, 2010) but was later shown to constitute a key molecule in the early steps of multiciliate cell differentiation.…”