Abstract:Cardiac sympathetic afferent that signal the sensation of cardiac pain, ostensibly, has more underlying
mechanisms than what scientists have ever been led to believe. Cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex, also
known as (CSAR), has been shown to be responsive to a variety of stimuli. Many of which scientists
observed in increased levels during ischemia hydrogen ion, oxygen radicals, potassium, lactate, ATP,
prostaglandins bradykinin, substance p and, finally and most importantly, endogenous substances
(neurohorm… Show more
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