How active gaze informs the hand in sequential pointing movements

Wilmut, Kate; Wann, John P.; Brown, Janice H.

doi:10.1007/s00221-006-0580-x

Cited by 43 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…A comparison of the experimental methods indicates that the time lag between the two visual stimuli in the study of Neggers and Bekkering (2000) was significantly longer compared (i.e. 585-607 ms) with that in Wilmut et al (2006), i.e., 200 ms. In addition, the second step in the former study involved only a gaze shift (in absence of a pointing movement to the second target) and thus could have prioritized accuracy on the first target rather than speed of the entire sequence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Recognizing such limitations, Wilmut et al (2006) proposed that expert control of sequential rapid pointing tasks accommodates feedback-processing delays by shifting reliance away from online processing of foveal visual feedback. For the first target in a sequence, gaze fixation prior to manual action in rapid pointing is short (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the first target in a sequence, gaze fixation prior to manual action in rapid pointing is short (e.g. 20-76 ms in Wilmut et al 2006) or even absent (e.g. Abrams et al 1990;Binsted et al 2001), thus indicating that the hand movement is planned and initiated on the basis of peripheral visual information, in conjunction with feedforward information from ocular motor command (Desmurget and Grafton 2000; Prablanc et al 1979a, b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is reasoned that the final part of the aiming movement is guided by information from foveal vision and ocular proprioceptive that is stored in a temporary 'buffer', i.e., spatial information held in memory. Since this early gaze shift also implies that saccadic efference towards the next target cannot be utilized directly to generate a subsequent hand movement, Wilmut et al 2006 maintain that efference information must be buffered as well. This would mean that, except for the initiation of the sequence, the information (foveal, ocular proprioception and efference commands) that supports the pointing movement must be stored in memory and hence not used in real time (online).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Neggers and Bekkering, this 'gaze anchoring strategy', characterized by the inhibition of a saccadic shift during an ongoing hand movement, facilitates online control using foveal vision of the hand as it approaches the target (Elliott et al 2010). However, rather than being in direct opposition, it is possible that 'gaze anchoring' Bekkering 2000, 2001) and 'buffering' (Wilmut et al 2006) reflect two modes of the visuo-motor system, which operate under different task constraints. A comparison of the experimental methods indicates that the time lag between the two visual stimuli in the study of Neggers and Bekkering (2000) was significantly longer compared (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relative timing between eye and hand in rapid sequential pointing is affected by time pressure, but not by advance knowledge

et al. 2011

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The present study examined the effect of timing constraints and advance knowledge on eye-hand coordination strategy in a sequential pointing task. Participants were required to point at two successively appearing targets on a screen while the inter-stimulus interval (ISI) and the trial order were manipulated, such that timing constraints were high (ISI = 300 ms) or low (ISI = 450 ms) and advance knowledge of the target location was present (fixed order) or absent (random order). Analysis of eye and finger onset and completion times per segment of the sequence indicated that oculo-manual behaviour was in general characterized by eye movements preceding the finger, as well as 'gaze anchoring' (i.e. eye fixation of the first target until completion of the finger movement towards that target). Advance knowledge of future target locations lead to shorter latency times of eye and hand, and smaller eye-hand lead times, which in combination resulted in shorter total movement times. There was, however, no effect of advance knowledge on the duration of gaze anchoring. In contrast, gaze anchoring did change as a function of the interval between successive stimuli and was shorter with a 300 ms ISI versus 450 ms ISI. Further correlation analysis provided some indication that shorter residual latency is associated with shorter pointing duration, without affecting accuracy. These results are consistent with a neural mechanism governing the coupling of eye and arm movements, which has been suggested to reside in the superior colliculus. The temporal coordination resulting from this coupling is a function of the time pressure on the visuo-manual system resulting from the appearance of external stimuli.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The relative timing between eye and hand in rapid sequential pointing is affected by time pressure, but not by advance knowledge

et al. 2011

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The order of gaze shifts affects spatial and temporal aspects of discrete bimanual pointing movements

2009

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We investigated whether the order of gaze shifts affected spatial and temporal aspects of discrete bimanual pointing movements. Ten male participants concurrently executed bimanual pointing movements as quickly and accurately as possible to left and right lateral targets presented with the same and different amplitudes. They were asked to gaze initially at the left target and subsequently at the right target, or vice versa. Each hand showed less variable error and a faster reaction when the initial gaze shifted to the corresponding target than when the subsequent gaze shifted to it. For the same-amplitude targets, constant error (CE) was not influenced by the gaze order conditions. However, for the different-amplitude targets, CE for the short-amplitude target became larger when they initially gazed at the long-amplitude target than when they initially gazed at the short-amplitude target. The larger overshoot of the hand for the short-amplitude target occurred when the participants could not afford to foveate the target. Our results suggest that the order of gaze shifts determines whether asymmetric amplitude assimilation between the two hands occurs or not. Fast, consistent, and accurate bimanual pointing movements might be attributable to updating gaze-centered representations of target positions.

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The brain uses efference copy information to optimise spatial memory

González

Burke

2012

Exp Brain Res

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Does a motor response to a target improve the subsequent recall of the target position or can we simply use peripheral position information to guide an accurate response? We suggest that a motor plan of the hand can be enhanced with actual motor and efference copy feedback (GoGo trials), which is absent in the passive observation of a stimulus (NoGo trials). To investigate this effect during eye and hand coordination movements, we presented stimuli in two formats (memory guided or visually guided) under three modality conditions (eyes only, hands only (with eyes fixated), or eyes and hand together). We found that during coordinated movements, both the eye and hand response times were facilitated when efference feedback of the movement was provided. Furthermore, both eye and hand movements to remembered locations were significantly more accurate in the GoGo than in the NoGo trial types. These results reveal that an efference copy of a motor plan enhances memory for a location that is not only observed in eye movements, but also translated downstream into a hand movement. These results have significant implications on how we plan, code and guide behavioural responses, and how we can optimise accuracy and timing to a given target.

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How active gaze informs the hand in sequential pointing movements

Cited by 43 publications

References 26 publications

The relative timing between eye and hand in rapid sequential pointing is affected by time pressure, but not by advance knowledge

The relative timing between eye and hand in rapid sequential pointing is affected by time pressure, but not by advance knowledge

The order of gaze shifts affects spatial and temporal aspects of discrete bimanual pointing movements

The brain uses efference copy information to optimise spatial memory

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