How are actions physically implemented?

Zentgraf, Karen; Green, Nikos; Munzert, Joern; Schack, Thomas; Tenenbaum, Gershon; Vickers, Joan N.; Weigelt, Matthias; Wolfensteller, Uta; Heekeren, Hauke R.

doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(09)01324-7

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The perceptual-cognitive perspective specifies that cognitive representations, which guide motor actions, are formed based on perceptual information (Zentgraf et al, 2009 ). In this sense, the perceptual-cognitive perspective on motor control addresses the idea that intended and executed motor actions are based on the mental representation of motor actions stored in long-term memory (e.g., Mechsner et al, 2001 ; Schack and Mechsner, 2006 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Investigation of the Effect of Action Observation Training and Motor Imagery Training on the Development of Mental Representation Structure and Skill Performance

Kim

Frank

Schack

2017

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Action observation training and motor imagery training have independently been studied and considered as an effective training strategy for improving motor skill learning. However, comparative studies of the two training strategies are relatively few. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of action observation training and motor imagery training on the development of mental representation structure and golf putting performance as well as the relation between the changes in mental representation structure and skill performance during the early learning stage. Forty novices were randomly assigned to one of four groups: action observation training, motor imagery training, physical practice and no practice. The mental representation structure and putting performance were measured before and after 3 days of training, then after a 2-day retention period. The results showed that mental representation structure and the accuracy of the putting performance were improved over time through the two types of cognitive training (i.e., action observation training and motor imagery training). In addition, we found a significant positive correlation between changes in mental representation structure and skill performance for the action observation training group only. Taken together, these results suggest that both cognitive adaptations and skill improvement occur through the training of the two simulation states of action, and that perceptual-cognitive changes are associated with the change of skill performance for action observation training.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Investigation of the Effect of Action Observation Training and Motor Imagery Training on the Development of Mental Representation Structure and Skill Performance

Kim

Frank

Schack

2017

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…Decision making depends on a step-by-step pattern from perception, evaluation, and selection to execution [24]. Knowledge bases and cognitive strategies underlying effective performance develop gradually as a result of extensive task-specific practice.…”

Section: Decision Makingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemistry and Psychology of Chess and Classical Physical Exercise: Concurring or Conflicting Evidence?

Golf¹

2015

J Sports Med Doping Stud

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Chess is a competitive sport in the classical meaning of the word. One of the most important factors for chess and sport competence is the accumulated time of training. In order to obtain a high level of competence, chess players and athletes alike must spend up 10 years of specific training.In chess and classical sport energy needed for brain activity is first derived from glycogen stores in brain, muscles and liver and later from adipose tissue. Both, chess and classical sport rely on shared energy from glycogen and fat. When the brain needs additional energy, muscles and liver share energy with the brain. When muscles need additional energy, brain complies with the request of muscles. Energy expenditure, O2 uptake and CO2 production during chess games are similar to those obtained during a marathon. Mental and physical fatigue begin with similar metabolic states: deprivation of glycogen. During competitive chess, athletes must be in good physical condition.Mental profiles of chess players and other athletes correlate with processes such as attention, conflict control, memory, motivation and recognition.In chess there exists no gender-specific excellence; glycogen availability, however, is less developed in female chess players.In chess and in classical sports, the brain, spinal cord, nerves and muscles cooperate in complete harmony. The brain commands everything: in chess the figures, in sport the cellular receptors (baro-, lactate-, gluco-, metabo-, chemo-, thermo-, respiratory-) "send" signals via eyes or metabolic changes to the brain. The brain then decides, what to do: in chess, the player moves a figure; in sports, muscles react according to demand.Physical exercise or chess must be defined by a motor activity completely controlled by the central nervous system (CNS) in combination with a specific competence. In chess as well as in physical exercise, physical stress prepares brain to cognitive stimulation.With respect to biochemical, physiological, neuronal and psychological aspects, chess is equals classical physical exercise and must be recognized as sport.

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Short-term effects of integrated motor imagery practice on muscle activation and force performance

et al. 2015

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How are actions physically implemented?

Cited by 3 publications

References 94 publications

A Systematic Investigation of the Effect of Action Observation Training and Motor Imagery Training on the Development of Mental Representation Structure and Skill Performance

A Systematic Investigation of the Effect of Action Observation Training and Motor Imagery Training on the Development of Mental Representation Structure and Skill Performance

Biochemistry and Psychology of Chess and Classical Physical Exercise: Concurring or Conflicting Evidence?

Short-term effects of integrated motor imagery practice on muscle activation and force performance

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