How are Aging and Osteoarthritis Related?

Abstract

Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent degenerative joint disease and one of the leading causes of physical impairment in the world's aging population. The human lifespan has significantly increased as a result of scientific and technological advancements. According to estimates, the world's elderly population will increase by 20% by 2050. Aging and age-related changes are discussed in this review in relation to the development of OA. We specifically discussed the cellular and molecular changes that occur in the chondrocytes during aging and how these changes may make synovial joints more susceptible to OA development. These changes include chondrocyte senescence, mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic modifications, and decreased growth factor response. The age-associated changes occur not only in the chondrocytes but also in the matrix, subchondral bone, and synovium. This review aims to provide an overview of the interplay between chondrocytes and matrix and how age-related changes affect the normal function of cartilage and contribute to OA development. Understanding the alterations that affect the function of chondrocytes will emerge new possibilities for prospective therapeutic options for the treatment of OA.

Zein-Derived Peptides from Corn Promote the Proliferation of C2C12 Myoblasts via Crosstalk of mTORC1 and mTORC2 Signaling Pathways

“…However, excessive expression of p38 signaling pathway can lead to disruption of asymmetric division in satellite cells, a decrease in self-renewal of satellite cells and inhibition of myoblast differentiation [ 31 ]. The MAPK pathway is also a major signal transduction cascade that ultimately triggers various biological cell responses to IGF-I [ 32 ]. By contrast, low-carboxy osteocalcin could induce the proliferation of C 2 C 12 myoblasts through activation of PI3K/Akt and P38 MAPK pathways and promoted differentiation through activation of ERK1/2 pathway [ 33 ].…”

Cell Reprogramming Strategies for Treating Osteoarthritis and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

“…OA and IVDD are degenerative musculoskeletal diseases that are highly age-related. With the acceleration of the global aging trend, the prevalence of OA and IVDD and the related socio-economic effects cannot be ignored [39,40]. Therefore, exploring efficient and comprehensive treatment strategies is particularly urgent.…”

The emerging role of lncRNAs in osteoarthritis development and potential therapy

“…Osteoarthritis patients exhibit various symptoms, such as pain, swelling, stiffness, and reduced mobility in joints due to the gradual breakdown and loss of cartilage in joints ( Thakur et al, 2014 ). Osteoarthritis develops partly because of age, joint injuries, repetitive use of joints, mechanical stress, and obesity ( Loeser et al, 2016 ; Wakale et al, 2023 ). In clinic, physical examination and imaging tests (X-rays and MRI) in combination with medical history are helpful for osteoarthritis diagnosis ( Chalian et al, 2023 ; Nevalainen et al, 2023 ).…”