How Are Green Spaces Distributed among Different Social Groups in Urban China? A National Level Study

Wu, Longfeng; Kim, Seung Kyum

doi:10.3390/f11121317

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(140 reference statements)

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“…In the existing studies, Song et al held that there is a negative effect of land development on the mismatch of UPGS in China, and a positive effect of industrial structure, residential land use, public finance, and transportation facilities [9]. Wu et al stated that economic development, geographic features, and urbanization obviously affect the green space availability for urban residents in China [72]. Li et al held that climate, urban topography, proportion of secondary industry, and title incentive factors obviously affect the equity of green space in Chinese cities [13].…”

Section: Driving Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Spatial Mode, Supply–Demand Relationship, and Driving Mechanism of Urban Park Green Space: A Case Study from China

Zhao,

Chen,

Wang

et al. 2024

Forests

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Park green space is a big part of public infrastructure in cities, and how to evaluate and optimize the mismatch of urban park green space (UPGS) has become the focus of current research in academia and industry. Taking China’s 286 cities as an example, this paper used the spatial cluster and Boston Consulting Group Matrix to analyze the aggregation laws and changing modes of UPGS from 2010 to 2020, introduced the spatial mismatch model to analyze the matching of its supply and demand with GDP and population, and adopted the Geodetector to analyze the influencing factors. The findings: (1) The evolution of UPGS in China had long been characterized by a “pyramidal” pattern, i.e., limited green cities > developing green cities > steady green cities > booming green cities, exhibiting the spatial characteristics of gradient differences between the coasts and inland areas, and the aggregation of blocks in some areas. (2) The supply and demand mismatches of the UPGS were relatively stable, with negative matching being the main supply mismatch type, and positive matching being the main demand mismatch type. The contribution of supply and demand mismatches similarly showed a spatial pattern of a gradual decrease from the coast to inland and the aggregation of blocks in some areas. (3) Five types of factors played different driving roles on UPGS, with social development remaining a weak factor, and the strong factor switching from urban infrastructure to construction land scale. The interaction detection was dominated by a bilinear enhancement, with super-interaction factors changing from an output value of the tertiary industry and population urbanization rate to education expenditure in local general public budgets. (4) Based on the mismatch between the supply and demand for UPGS in China, 286 cities were classified into four types, namely a smart shrinking zone, smart growing zone, status quo zone, and overlay policy zone, and differentiated development proposals for the corresponding zoning were put forward. This paper constructed an application framework of “evolution pattern + supply demand match + driving factors + policy zoning” for UPGS at a large scale, which will effectively enhance the effective allocation of its resources across the country.

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Section: Driving Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Spatial Mode, Supply–Demand Relationship, and Driving Mechanism of Urban Park Green Space: A Case Study from China

Zhao,

Chen,

Wang

et al. 2024

Forests

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“…The location of UGS is affected by many factors, such as mode of land use, regional physical and geographical conditions, urban historical evolution, park funding mechanism and green space planning concepts [55]. At the same time, under the market mechanism, UGS also reflects certain positive externalities.…”

Section: Comparison To Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Equity of Accessibility to Urban Green Space: A Study of 254 Cities in China

Rao

Zhong

Mou

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Urban green space has environmental benefits of purifying the air, reducing the heat island effect and providing the social and economic benefits of rest places and social platforms. An integrated and organized green space system is important for fully realizing the positive functions of an urban ecosystem. Previous studies have considered green space supply and demand, but few studies have examined large-scale, diverse and small-scale systems, making it difficult to conduct a comparative study of urban green space accessibility and equity under the same conditions (such as data sources and calculation methods). Using the two-step floating catchment area method, this study evaluates the equity of 254 urban green spaces in China within four ranges of accessibility: 1 km, 2.5 km, 5 km and 10 km. The study also considers urban house price in the research. The results show the following: (1) There are large differences in the accessibility of green space between different cities in China. Within the accessibility threshold of 10 km, the city with the most accessible urban green spaces has an accessibility level that is 27,813 times that of the city with the lowest accessibility. (2) Within the range of walking/cycling, there are significant inequalities in green space access in the 254 cities; the inequality of green space accessibility in most of the studied cities is at the “dangerous” level. (3) The two-step floating catchment area method indicates that the social superiority (high social class) represented by high housing prices is associated with a greater opportunity to access urban green space services. This paper highlights the main problems associated with the accessibility of urban green space in China and proposes targeted development recommendations. These recommendations provide a reference for urban managers to develop effective green space development policies and realize the optimal allocation of urban green space.

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“…Regardless, the natural conditions of a place are fundamental to its character and attributes. People generally prefer places with plenty of vegetation ( 17 , 18 ) and a comfortable climate ( 19 – 21 ). On the contrary, environmental pollution encourages people to migrate out ( 22 , 23 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental health, economy, and amenities interactively drive migration patterns among China's older people

Wang,

Gao,

Liu

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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The increasing number of older adult migrants is rapidly changing regional demographic and social structures in China. There is an urgent need to understand the spatial patterns and factors that influence older adults to migrate, especially the role of environmental health. However, this issue has been under-studied. This study focused on intra-provincial and inter-provincial older adult migrants as research subjects, estimated their spatial concentration index based on the iterative proportional fitting approach, and explored the factors influencing their migration using the GeoDetector Model. The results showed the following: (1) In 2015, more than 76% of inter-provincial older adult migrants were distributed in Eastern China, and most intra-provincial older adult migrants were scattered in sub-provincial cities. (2) Compared to factors relating to economy and amenities, environmental health by itself played a relatively weak role in the migration of older adults, but the interaction among environmental health, economy, and amenities was a key driving force of older adult migration. (3) There were significant differences in the dominant environmental health factors between inter-provincial migration and intra-provincial migration, which were temperature and altitude, respectively. Our findings can help policymakers focus on the composition of older adult migrants based on urban environmental health characteristics and rationally optimize older adult care facilities to promote supply-demand matching.

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How Are Green Spaces Distributed among Different Social Groups in Urban China? A National Level Study

Cited by 9 publications

References 77 publications

Examining the Spatial Mode, Supply–Demand Relationship, and Driving Mechanism of Urban Park Green Space: A Case Study from China

Examining the Spatial Mode, Supply–Demand Relationship, and Driving Mechanism of Urban Park Green Space: A Case Study from China

Assessing the Equity of Accessibility to Urban Green Space: A Study of 254 Cities in China

Environmental health, economy, and amenities interactively drive migration patterns among China's older people

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