“…Some journals use crowd-sourced peer review, such as the "Faculty of 1000," www.F1000research.com, owned by the Informa ® publishing group. Pre-publication repositories such as arXiv ® and biorXiv ® are used widely (Carlson and Harris 2020;Rosati 2021), as are post-publication review systems such as Pubpeer ® . To date, these approaches have been adopted to different degrees in different disciplines, and by authors in different age brackets.…”