How Are Russian Energy Policies Formulated? Linking the Actors and Structures of Energy Policy

Modernisation of the Russian Energy Sector: Constraints on Utilising Arctic Offshore Oil Resources

“…It helps us to analyse what choices actors can realistically make and where they are most constrained (Aalto et al 2012; see Figure 1). This ability of the structuration approach to include actors, structures and their interaction in the same model is crucial given the complex and multidimensional nature of energy policy (Bressand 2013, pp.…”

“…It represented 'Russia' as a monolithic actor with strong interests in foreign policy influence to enhance the country's relative position vis-à-vis neighbours and in international relations in general by means of utilising energy deliveries and infrastructure for political leverage. The frame was strengthened by peaking oil prices and rising demand for oil and gas, which was edging market power in favour of Russian energy companies, which in turn were making enormous profits helping the state to meet its fiscal interests and invest in the strengthening state (Aalto et al 2012.…”

“…These interests are examined in the wider context of the foreign policy and social interests of the Russian state and its oil regions. The analysis is pursued by applying structuration theory assuming multiple actors and interests whose prospects of realisation are shaped by the structures of which the actors form part and which they help to co-constitute by their actions (Aalto et al 2012. 2 In the fourth section the empirical analysis is concretised by focusing on the choices made by Russian actors in Arctic offshore oil projects to realise their interests, and on how these choices are mediated by the constraining and enabling qualities of the structures.…”

“…The latter model did not, however, progress much during Medvedev's presidency (Wilson 2015). Nevertheless, for any Arctic oil project to serve any modernisation aims, the main strategic actor, the Russian Government led by the president, must successfully not only identify and rank its own interests but also coordinate those of other actors involved (Tkachenko 2007;Aalto et al 2012). What are these interests?…”

Formation of a Regional Process Management Model for Energy Efficiency of Low-Rise Residential Construction

“…The development of low-rise residential construction (hereinafter -LRC) is certainly one of the key socio-economic development priorities of countries with, on the one hand, largely unsolved problem of providing a comfortable and affordable housing, on the other hand, with substantial undeveloped and untapped territories (see Aalto et al, 2012;Andelin et al, 2015;Eerikäinen & Sarasoja, 2013;Heinonen & Junnila, 2014). Among these countries, first of all, is the Russian Federation.…”