How can aerosols affect the Asian summer monsoon?  Assessment during three consecutive pre-monsoon seasons from CALIPSO satellite data

Kuhlmann, Julian; Quaas, Johannes

doi:10.5194/acp-10-4673-2010

Cited by 125 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The land-ocean contrast in radiative forcing observed at the TOA is not seen within the atmosphere, because the spatial distribution of dust-induced atmospheric heating is mainly determined by dust concentration rather than surface properties. However, some studies have proposed that dust aerosols can absorb SW radiation more effectively over bright surfaces than over dark surfaces due to multiple reflections of SW radiation between overlying dust layers and bright land surfaces (Lau et al, 2006;Kuhlmann and Quaas, 2010). At the surface, dust aerosols block SW radiation from reaching the surface through scattering and absorption, which results in a surface cooling effect as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Radiative Effect Of Dustmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Indian summer monsoon (ISM) region and its surrounding areas have been identified as having high aerosol concentrations (e.g., Kuhlmann and Quaas, 2010) and this large aerosol loading has been increasing dramatically during the past decade due to population growth and more frequent dust activity (Hsu et al, 2012). The potential impacts of aerosols on ISM is an important issue because about one-third of the world's population rely heavily on the ISM rainfall for water supply and agricultural production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both observational and modeling studies suggest that local anthropogenic aerosols, especially black carbon over northern India, have major impacts on ISM through the "solar dimming effect" and the "elevated heat pump" (EHP) ef-fect on different timescales (Ramanathan et al, 2005;Lau et al, 2006;Wang et al, 2009b;Kuhlmann and Quaas, 2010;Nigam and Bollasina, 2010;Bollasina et al, 2011;Lau and Kim, 2011;Bollasina et al, 2013). The "solar dimming effect" proposes that the anthropogenic aerosol-induced reduction of north-south land-sea thermal contrast through aerosols' surface cooling effect contributes to a weaker meridional monsoon circulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wang et al (2009a) found that dust aerosols can absorb solar radiation in a way similar to black carbon in the ISM and nearby regions. Using CALIPSO satellite retrievals, Kuhlmann and Quaas (2010) examined the aerosol constituents and concluded that the AS has heavy dust loading, with up to 80 % of measurements identified as either dust or polluted dust during the Asian summer monsoon season. Jin et al (2014;hereafter J2014) found that dust aerosols contribute 53 % of the total aerosol optical depth (AOD) over the AS and the Iranian Plateau (IP) during the ISM season based on aerosol reanalysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Consistent response of Indian summer monsoon to Middle East dust in observations and simulations

Jin

Wei

et al. 2015

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. The response of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) circulation and precipitation to Middle East dust aerosols on sub-seasonal timescales is studied using observations and the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with online chemistry (WRF-Chem). Satellite data show that the ISM rainfall in coastal southwest India, central and northern India, and Pakistan is closely associated with the Middle East dust aerosols. The physical mechanism behind this dust-ISM rainfall connection is examined through ensemble simulations with and without dust emissions. Each ensemble includes 16 members with various physical and chemical schemes to consider the model uncertainties in parameterizing short-wave radiation, the planetary boundary layer, and aerosol chemical mixing rules. Experiments show that dust aerosols increase rainfall by about 0.44 mm day −1 (∼ 10 % of the climatology) in coastal southwest India, central and northern India, and north Pakistan, a pattern consistent with the observed relationship. The ensemble mean rainfall response over India shows a much stronger spatial correlation with the observed rainfall response than any other ensemble members. The largest modeling uncertainties are from the boundary layer schemes, followed by short-wave radiation schemes. In WRF-Chem, the dust aerosol optical depth (AOD) over the Middle East shows the strongest correlation with the ISM rainfall response when dust AOD leads rainfall response by about 11 days. Further analyses show that increased ISM rainfall is related to enhanced southwesterly monsoon flow and moisture transport from the Arabian Sea to the Indian subcontinent, which are associated with the development of an anomalous low-pressure system over the Arabian Sea, the southern Arabian Peninsula, and the Iranian Plateau due to dust-induced heating in the troposphere. The dust-induced heating in the mid-upper troposphere is mainly located in the Iranian Plateau rather than the Tibetan Plateau. This study demonstrates a thermodynamic mechanism that links remote desert dust emissions in the Middle East to ISM circulation and precipitation variability on subseasonal timescales, which may have implications for ISM rainfall forecasts.

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Section: Radiative Effect Of Dustmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Consistent response of Indian summer monsoon to Middle East dust in observations and simulations

Jin

Wei

et al. 2015

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…Misra et al (2012) have also reported higher extinction values at altitudes of 2-4 km during dust loading period of April-June over Kanpur using MPLNET and CALIPSO datasets. In another study, Kuhlmann and Quaas (2010) PDR and CR values can be effectively used in differentiation between spherical and non-spherical as well as smaller and larger particles (Liu et al, 2008). A higher value of CR (~1.0) and PDR (~0.2) indicates the dominance of larger dust particles in the atmosphere, whereas relatively lower values suggest the presence of BB or U-I pollution particles (Mishra and Shibata, 2012a).…”

Section: Aerosol Properties From Space-and Ground-based Remote Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Approach for the Aerosol Monitoring and Identification of Types over Indo-Gangetic Basin in Pre-Monsoon Season

Mishra

Shibata

Srivastava

2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Latitudinal variation of aerosol properties from Indo‐Gangetic Plain to central Himalayan foothills during TIGERZ campaign

et al. 2014

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As part of TIGERZ campaign, latitudinal variation of aerosol optical properties was analyzed over Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) to central Himalayas during premonsoon of 2008 and 2009. Measurements of aerosol optical depth (AOD) were performed using Aerosol Robotic Network Sun photometer at four sites with different aerosol environments. The AOD increases from Nainital located in central Himalayas to Kanpur located in IGP region. Further, aerosol size varies spatially with dominance of coarse-mode aerosols at Kanpur compared to fine-mode aerosols dominated at Nainital. Spectral variation of single-scattering albedo suggests that during premonsoon, dust is the dominant species in the IGP with exception of Pantnagar, where absorbing aerosols are dominant. The optical properties of aerosols are calculated, and shortwave clear-sky aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) is estimated. An insignificant difference is found in columnar ARF and columnar heating rate (HR) when vertical profiles of aerosols are included in radiative transfer models. Over Nainital, average ARF is estimated to be À7.61, À45.75, and 38.14 W m À2 at top of atmosphere (TOA), surface (SUR), and in the atmosphere (ATM), respectively. Average ARF is less negative at Kanpur compared to Pantnagar and Bareilly with values À17.63, À73.06, and 55.43 W m À2 at TOA, SUR, and ATM, respectively. ARF shows positive gradient from the highlands to the IGP sites; larger TOA and SUR cooling were observed at the three sites compared to the highland site. This translates into large columnar HR with estimated average values as 1.07, 1.41, 1.58, and 1.56 K d À1 for Nainital, Pantnagar, Bareilly, and Kanpur, respectively.

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How can aerosols affect the Asian summer monsoon? Assessment during three consecutive pre-monsoon seasons from CALIPSO satellite data

Abstract: Abstract. The impact of aerosols above and around the Tibetan Plateau on the Asian Summer Monsoon during pre-

Cited by 125 publications

References 34 publications

Consistent response of Indian summer monsoon to Middle East dust in observations and simulations

Consistent response of Indian summer monsoon to Middle East dust in observations and simulations

Synergistic Approach for the Aerosol Monitoring and Identification of Types over Indo-Gangetic Basin in Pre-Monsoon Season

Latitudinal variation of aerosol properties from Indo‐Gangetic Plain to central Himalayan foothills during TIGERZ campaign

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