How Can Imbalance in Oral Microbiota and Immune Response Lead to Dental Implant Problems?

Rahnama-Hezavah, Mansur; Mertowska, Paulina; Mertowski, Sebastian; Skiba, Julia; Krawiec, Karol; Łobacz, Michał; Grywalska, Ewelina

doi:10.3390/ijms242417620

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…Besides existing knowledge on stimulation of osteointegration by surface roughness, it is understood that the main weak link for the long-term success of implants is not the stability of the bone-implant interface but bacteria-promoted infection/inflammation. The latter results in peri-implant tissue destruction due to "friendly fire" from the host defense system response to bacteria [6][7][8][9][10][11]. It follows that counteracting bacterial adhesion and promoting healthy tissue healing and sealing are important clinical requests of implant materials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the majority of cases, marginal bone loss proceeds so slowly that no major functional problem arises within the patient's lifetime. Instead, in genetically predisposed individuals, or following oral microflora dysbiosis, or for a number of not completely understood reasons, the rate of loss of supporting tissue can be so high it may lead to functional failure of the implant well within its time of service [6][7][8][9][10][11]. This is known as peri-implantitis, the major remaining problem of dental implantology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preliminary Evaluation of Bioactive Collagen–Polyphenol Surface Nanolayers on Titanium Implants: An X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Bone Implant Study

Morra,

Iviglia,

Cassinelli

et al. 2024

JFB

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To endow an implant surface with enhanced properties to ensure an appropriate seal with the host tissue for inflammation/infection resistance, next-generation bone implant collagen–polyphenol nanolayers were built on conventional titanium surfaces through a multilayer approach. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was performed to investigate the chemical arrangement of molecules within the surface layer and to provide an estimate of their thickness. A short-term (2 and 4 weeks) in vivo test of bone implants in a healthy rabbit model was performed to check possible side effects of the soft surface layer on early phases of osteointegration, leading to secondary stability. Results show the building up of the different nanolayers on top of titanium, resulting in a final composite collagen–polyphenol surface and a layer thickness of about 10 nm. In vivo tests performed on machined and state-of-the-art microrough titanium implants do not show significant differences between coated and uncoated samples, as the surface microroughness remains the main driver of bone-to-implant contact. These results confirm that the surface nanolayer does not interfere with the onset and progression of implant osteointegration and prompt the green light for specific investigations of the potential merits of this bioactive coating as an enhancer of the device/tissue seal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Evaluation of Bioactive Collagen–Polyphenol Surface Nanolayers on Titanium Implants: An X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Bone Implant Study

Morra,

Iviglia,

Cassinelli

et al. 2024

JFB

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Evaluation of the immune response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultured on Ti6Al4V-ELI polished or etched surfaces

Abreu,

Lallukka,

Raineri

et al. 2024

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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IntroductionWhile titanium and its alloys exhibit excellent biocompatibility and corrosion resistance, their polished surfaces can hinder fast and effective osseointegration and other biological processes, such as angiogenesis, due to their inert and hydrophobic properties. Despite being commonly used for orthopedic implants, research focuses on developing surface treatments to improve osseointegration, promoting cell adhesion and proliferation, as well as increasing protein adsorption capacity. This study explores a chemical treatment intended for titanium-based implants that enhances tissue integration without compromising the mechanical properties of the Ti6Al4V substrate. However, recognizing that inflammation contributes to nearly half of early implant failures, we assessed the impact of this treatment on T-cell viability, cytokine production, and phenotype.MethodsTi6Al4V with extra low interstitial (ELI) content discs were treated with hydrofluoric acid followed by a controlled oxidation step in hydrogen peroxide that creates a complex surface topography with micro- and nano-texture and modifies the chemistry of the surface oxide layer. The acid etched surface contains an abundance of hydroxyl groups, crucial for promoting bone growth and apatite precipitation, while also enabling further functionalization with biomolecules.ResultsWhile cell viability remained high in both groups, untreated discs triggered an increase in Th2 cells and a decrease of the Th17 subset. Furthermore, peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to untreated discs displayed a rise in various pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines compared to the control and treated groups. Conversely, the treated discs showed a similar profile to the control, both in terms of immune cell subset frequencies and cytokine secretion.DiscussionThe dysregulation of the cytokine profile upon contact with untreated Ti6Al4V-ELI discs, namely upregulation of IL-2 could be responsible for the decrease in Th17 frequency, and thus might contribute to implant-associated bacterial infection. Interestingly, the chemical treatment restores the immune response to levels comparable to the control condition, suggesting the treatment’s potential to mitigate inflammation by enhancing biocompatibility.

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The Oral Microbiome of Peri-Implant Health and Disease: A Narrative Review

de Campos Kajimoto,

de Paiva Buischi,

Mohamadzadeh

et al. 2024

Dentistry Journal

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Peri-implantitis disease has increased significantly over the last years, resulting in increased failure of implants. Many factors may play a role in implant complications and failure, including ones related to the oral microbiota. This literature review aims to summarize the current knowledge of microbiome of implants in health and disease, focusing not only on the presence/absence of specific microbiota or on their relative abundance, but also on their phenotypic expression and their complex relationships with the host. The authors examined the MEDLINE database and identified key topics about peri-implant oral microbiome in health and disease. The peri-implant microbiome differs from that of the tooth, both in health and disease, as they are structurally and chemically different. The adhesion and formation of the peri-implant biofilm can be affected by the surface energy, topography, wettability, and electrochemical charges of the implant surface. In addition, the morphogenesis of the tissues surrounding the dental implant also differs from the tooth, making the dental implant more susceptible to bacterial infection. This interplay between the microbiome and the host immune system in peri-implant infections still needs to be elucidated.

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How Can Imbalance in Oral Microbiota and Immune Response Lead to Dental Implant Problems?

Cited by 3 publications

References 152 publications

Preliminary Evaluation of Bioactive Collagen–Polyphenol Surface Nanolayers on Titanium Implants: An X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Bone Implant Study

Preliminary Evaluation of Bioactive Collagen–Polyphenol Surface Nanolayers on Titanium Implants: An X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Bone Implant Study

Evaluation of the immune response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultured on Ti6Al4V-ELI polished or etched surfaces

The Oral Microbiome of Peri-Implant Health and Disease: A Narrative Review

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