How can Improve DNA Vaccine Modalities as a Therapeutic Approach against HIV Infections?

Habibzadeh, Nourieh

doi:10.4172/2155-6113.1000440

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…They are effective particularly as a key component of HIV vaccination strategies, usually as part of a prime/boost vaccination strategy with viral vector evaluated for both preclinical studies and in Phase I and II clinical trials. Generation of vaccine-specific multifunctional CD8+ T cells would be a major component of an effective vaccine [50].…”

Section: Significance Of Molecular Changes During Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Various Aspects of HIV Infection

Lingan¹

2018

HIV Curr Res

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Many people are affected by HIV infection worldwide, lack of ability of modern medication in developing an active vaccine against HIV is a global public health importance. Various aspects such as diseases associated with HIV infection, role of immune cells in diagnosis and treatment, significance of molecular changes during infection, complications in infants, impact of gender and social behaviour and diagnosis of disorders associated with HIV infection were discussed in this review. Affected patients would be associated with acute kidney injury, arterial stiffness, cardiovascular disease, Tuberculosis, intestinal parasite carriage and disruptive sleep apnea. Immune cells like CD4, CD8, CD38 T cells and natural killer cells have a vital role in diagnosis and treatment. DNA vaccines could play a major role to prevent or treat infectious diseases including HIV and would elicit T cell immunity, protective antibody responses and local mucosal immunity protective vaccine against HIV infection. Health professionals are responsible for diagnosis of disorders associated with HIV infection and follow-up of HIV-infected paediatric patients. There is a crucial need to improve and evaluate novel interventions that are tailored for this helpless population. Several factors such as income deficit, Pre-college residence, pornographic film viewing and believe in sexual abstinence for HIV prevention were found to be significant predictors of initiating premarital sex. Younger generations could be advised to maintain the virginity as cultural norm. Incorporation of socio-structural elements and geospatial techniques in analytical approaches would lead to better understanding of local dynamics and develop mediations that increase our facility of targeted HIV prevention services.

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Section: Significance Of Molecular Changes During Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Various Aspects of HIV Infection

Lingan¹

2018

HIV Curr Res

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“…Several therapeutic vaccine strategies have already been used such as live-attenuated microbes, viral vectors, and dendritic cell-based vaccines that led to suppress and/or clear infections. Among them, improved DNA vaccines have emerged as a promising candidate for the treatment of infectious diseases especially HIV infections [61][62][63]. Some strategies have been considered to improve immune responses stimulated by DNA vaccines such as in vivo efficient DNA delivery systems, co-delivery with molecular adjuvants as well as the development of potent heterologous prime-boost regimens [61,62,64].…”

Section: Therapeutic Hiv Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among them, improved DNA vaccines have emerged as a promising candidate for the treatment of infectious diseases especially HIV infections [61][62][63]. Some strategies have been considered to improve immune responses stimulated by DNA vaccines such as in vivo efficient DNA delivery systems, co-delivery with molecular adjuvants as well as the development of potent heterologous prime-boost regimens [61,62,64]. DNA vaccines have been utilized as candidate HIV vaccines because of their ability to generate cellular and humoral immune responses, the lack of anti-vector response allowing for repeat administration, and their ability to prime the response to viral-vectored vaccines.…”

Section: Therapeutic Hiv Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Which Vaccination Strategies and Immune Responses are More Effective Against HIV Infections?

Bolhassani¹

2016

Advances in Molecular Retrovirology

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Vaccination is one of the most successful approaches for controlling various viral diseases. Novel approaches will be needed to develop highly effective vaccines to prevent infectious diseases such as HIV. There are many aspects of HIV-biology that make the development of an HIV vaccine difficult, including viral diversity, effective type of immune response, and suitable experimental model for preclinical trials. In spite of these challenges, recent published results showed that a vaccine regimen could reduce HIV infection rates by % in Thailand. This vaccine named as RV is composed of a recombinant canarypox vector expressing three HIV-proteins as a prime and two different recombinant HIV-gp envelope glycoproteins with alum adjuvant as a boost. In addition, a subunit vaccine constructed from the viral envelope protein could be efficiently developed using new techniques available through genetic engineering. The current HIV-vaccine development focuses on antibody-based approaches. It was shown that immunization with the viral envelope glycoprotein, gp , should generate neutralizing antibodies that would prevent infection, thereby yielding protective immunity. However, HIV could develop many pathways to escape from antibodies that bind to the different parts of the viral envelope molecules. Thus, the generation of neutralizing antibodies is very difficult after viral infection or immunization protocols. Indeed, the viral envelope molecules Env possess glycosylated residues that cover surface epitopes for binding and neutralizing antibodies, even if the antibodies are produced. Furthermore, the trimeric structures of envelope molecules show rapid conformational changes due to the interaction with viral cell surface receptors, CCR /CXCR and CD thus the transition state is very poor to be recognized by the immune system. Currently, studies focus on generating stable trimeric envelope molecules gp /gp as immunogens that can induce neutralizing antibodies that can compete for binding to the cell surface receptors. "ltogether, it is clear that the design of a vaccine to elicit HIV-neutralizing antibodies is not straightforward, and it causes major challenges in structural biology and immunology, several other studies strongly suggest cytotoxic T-lymphocyte CTL -based immune responses against HIV infections. Indeed, CD +

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