How clients make therapy work: The process of active self-healing.

Bohart, Arthur C.; Tallman, Karen

doi:10.1037/10323-000

Cited by 374 publications

(305 citation statements)

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“…Indeed most participants of this study felt that the decision was their own, and that they were the pro-active agent in relating more deeply. This strongly supports Bohart and Tallman's (1999) view of the client as an agentic, active self healer, and a parallel might also be 22 drawn with the concept of clients coming to therapy with a plan to have their pathogenic beliefs disconfirmed, as described by the Control-Mastery theory (Silberchatz, 2005).…”

Section: Spontaneousmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…This would perhaps also lend some understanding to Wiggins' (2008) factor analysis of data from 343 relational depth questionnaires with items created using the findings of Knox (2008) and workshops facilitated by Cooper, in which the factor entitled 'vulnerability', although present, appeared surprisingly weak. This finding might also correspond to the proposition of Bohart and Tallman (1999) that change is more likely to occur if a client is process focused rather than outcome focused. Indeed on talking about their experiences, participants appeared to have strong, vivid memories of their own processing at the time, and of their own role as a pro-active agent in the deeper exploration of self that the experience facilitated.…”

Section: Spontaneousmentioning

confidence: 84%

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A State of Readiness: An Exploration of the Client’s Role in Meeting at Relational Depth

Knox

Cooper

2010

Journal of Humanistic Psychology

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This version is available at https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/26817/ Strathprints is designed to allow users to access the research output of the University of Strathclyde. Unless otherwise explicitly stated on the manuscript, Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Please check the manuscript for details of any other licences that may have been applied. You may not engage in further distribution of the material for any profitmaking activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute both the url (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/) and the content of this paper for research or private study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge.Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the

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Section: Spontaneousmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Spontaneousmentioning

confidence: 84%

A State of Readiness: An Exploration of the Client’s Role in Meeting at Relational Depth

Knox

Cooper

2010

Journal of Humanistic Psychology

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“…Bohart and Tallman (1999), in their description of their "client as an active self-healer" approach to psychotherapy, viewed evidence for the effectiveness of self-help methods as suggesting that "the expert therapist's application of techniques is not always necessary" (p. 35). Further, the fact that the client is the primary agent of change is illustrated by significant improvement that can take place in the absence of a therapeutic relationship.…”

Section: Implications For the Clinical Use Of Satsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of self-administered treatments for depression and anxiety.

Menchola

Arkowitz

Burke

2007

Professional Psychology: Research and Practice

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Self-administered treatments (SATs) are widely used by the general public and mental health professionals. Previous reviews of the efficacy of SATs have included under this category interventions for nonclinical problems, group interventions, and interventions involving significant amounts of therapist contact. The efficacy of SATs for clinical levels of depression and anxiety with minimal therapeutic contact was examined by meta-analyzing 24 studies. The results show large effects for SATs when compared with no-treatment control groups (d ϭ 1.00). However, unlike previous meta-analyses that found nonsignificant differences between SATs and therapist-administered treatments, in this sample SATs resulted in significantly poorer outcomes (d ϭ -0.31). Some differences in effect size were observed between the clinical targets of depression and anxiety. However, there were high correlations between clinical target, methodological quality of the study, and amount of contact. This makes it impossible to determine whether the observed differences could be explained by the nature of the disorders, methodological quality, or the amount of contact with a member of the research team. The implications of the findings for the clinical use of SATs and for future research are discussed.

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“…As Luborsky and his colleagues concluded in their study of the factors determining therapeutic success, "the therapist's ability to form an alliance is possibly the [single] most crucial determinant of his effectiveness" (Luborsky et al, 1985, p. 610), even though most studies have found only a moderate correlation between alliance and outcome. Similarly, Bohart and Tallman (1999) argue that "the client's abilities to use whatever is offered surpass any difference that might exist in techniques or approaches" (p. 95). Most patients will use whatever resources are offered and made available to help them change.…”

Section: Common Versus Specific Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Ingredients in Individual Psychotherapy: Searching for Common Factors.

Jørgensen¹

2004

Psychoanalytic Psychology

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Every serious school of psychotherapy has its own theory-often only vaguely formulated-concerning the active ingredients in psychotherapy. Many of these theories are presented as mutually exclusive. The author presents an overview of some of the important, primarily psychoanalytically founded, theories of the factors in individual psychotherapy that are responsible for inducing change. It is impossible to pinpoint any single factor that is crucial in every therapy. What is needed is a nondogmatic, multiple-factor model that successfully incorporates the knowledge obtained from the many existing theories of psychotherapyinduced change. In practice, it is often difficult to maintain the traditional distinction between specific and nonspecific factors, just as it is difficult to distinguish the roles played by purely therapeutic factors-relating to the technique of the therapist-and by extratherapeutic factors. The author also addresses the epistemological status of the various claims put forward, by the many different theories of psychotherapy, concerning the active ingredients in psychotherapy.Today it is generally accepted that psychotherapy works for most forms of psychopathology. However, there is still considerable disagreement as to what makes psychotherapy effective: What are the active ingredients in psychotherapy, or what factors in the therapy are responsible for effecting change? In his classic contribution to the understanding of the therapeutic elements in psychotherapy, Jerome Frank (1971;Frank & Frank, 1991) lists four general factors that are essential, in his view, to every form of psychotherapy: (a) a particular kind of emotionally charged relationship between the patient and the therapist that supports the patient's confidence in the therapist's competence and in his desire to help; (b) the fact that psychotherapy and its institutional context are socially sanctioned and legitimized, which in itself enhances the patient's expectations of help; (c) the immanent rationale or myth behind any given therapy, which offers an explanation of the

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How clients make therapy work: The process of active self-healing.

Cited by 374 publications

References 172 publications

A State of Readiness: An Exploration of the Client’s Role in Meeting at Relational Depth

A State of Readiness: An Exploration of the Client’s Role in Meeting at Relational Depth

Efficacy of self-administered treatments for depression and anxiety.

Active Ingredients in Individual Psychotherapy: Searching for Common Factors.

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