How colloidal surface additivation of polyamide 12 powders with well-dispersed silver nanoparticles influences the crystallization already at low 0.01 vol%

Hupfeld, Tim; Sommereyns, Alexander; Schuffenhauer, Thomas; Zhuravlev, Evgeny; Krebs, Moritz; Gann, Stan; Keßler, Olaf; Schmidt, Michael; Gökce, Bilal; Barcikowski, Stephan

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2020.101419

Cited by 17 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Depending on the nanoparticle size, the amount needed to form a monolayer on the micropowder varies. It has been shown for 5 nm nanoparticles that the addition of 0.1 vol% can already form a monolayer over a PA12 powder having a D50 of 58 μm and a specific surface area of 0.1 m 2 /g [ 113 ]. These nanoparticles should be homogeneously distributed on the surface to maximize their effects at given vol%.…”

Section: Materials Properties Of Polymer Powder Feedstocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Polymers: Quantitative Research Direction Indices

et al. 2021

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Research on Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) of polymer powder feedstocks has raised over the last decade due to the increased utilization of the fabricated parts in aerospace, automotive, electronics, and healthcare applications. A total of 600 Science Citation Indexed articles were published on the topic of L-PBF of polymer powder feedstocks in the last decade, being cited more than 10,000 times leading to an h-index of 46. This study statistically evaluates the 100 most cited articles to extract reported material, process, and as-built part properties to analyze the research trends. PA12, PEEK, and TPU are the most employed polymer powder feedstocks, while size, flowability, and thermal behavior are the standardly reported material properties. Likewise, process properties such as laser power, scanning speed, hatch spacing, powder layer thickness, volumetric energy density, and areal energy density are extracted and evaluated. In addition, material and process properties of the as-built parts such as tensile test, flexural test, and volumetric porosity contents are analyzed. The incorporation of additives is found to be an effective route to enhance mechanical and functional properties. Carbon-based additives are typically employed in applications where mechanical properties are essential. Carbon fibers, Ca-phosphates, and SiO2 are the most reported additives in the evaluated SCI-expanded articles for L-PBF of polymer powder feedstocks. A comprehensive data matrix is extracted from the evaluated SCI-index publications, and a principal component analysis (PCA) is performed to explore correlations between reported material, process, and as-built parts.

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Section: Materials Properties Of Polymer Powder Feedstocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Polymers: Quantitative Research Direction Indices

et al. 2021

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“…As shown in Figure 3a, the surface coverage and the distribution of NPs on the micro-powder's surface can vary depending on the NP load and surface additivation technique. Additionally, NPs may be present as a dry powder [41] or in a colloidal solution [28,30]. These variations may affect powder feedstock material properties relevant for PBF-LB.…”

Section: Additivation Of Nps On As-produced Metal and Polymer Powder Feedstocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They found that the flowability of powder feedstocks can be improved by the optimum NP size, NP material type, and loading amounts. Hupfeld et al [28,29,32] presented a simplified scaling diagram for NP supporting on micro powders, link in NP particle size, surface coverage (surf%), and vol% as a prerequisite to creating very well defined, highly dispersed submonolayer NP coatings on PA12 and TPU, including the comparison between wet and dry coating. Pannitz et al [39] showed that coating SiC NPs or few-layer graphene (FLG) NPs on stainless steel powder feedstocks decreases the laser reflectivity of the powder feedstock and increases the thermal conductivity of the material during processing, leading to a rapid heat dissipation into the already solidified underlying layers during the melting of next powder layer.…”

Section: Additivation Of Nps On As-produced Metal and Polymer Powder Feedstocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The surface additivation of the metal and polymer powders can be performed by dry mixing or wet coating and subsequent or parallel drying [28,33,37,40,41]. The choice of coatingtechnique highly depend on the availability of NPs.…”

Section: Additivation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They showed that short dry mixing durations avoided NP agglomeration on the metal powder surface and increased the powder flowability. Homogeneous NP distribution on the metal and polymer powder surface [28,33,37,40,41] will result in reproducible powder feedstocks and as-built part properties.…”

Section: Additivation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanoparticle Additivation Effects on Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Metals and Polymers—A Theoretical Concept for an Inter-Laboratory Study Design All Along the Process Chain, Including Research Data Management

et al. 2021

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In recent years, the application field of laser powder bed fusion of metals and polymers extends through an increasing variability of powder compositions in the market. New powder formulations such as nanoparticle (NP) additivated powder feedstocks are available today. Interestingly, they behave differently along with the entire laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) process chain, from flowability over absorbance and microstructure formation to processability and final part properties. Recent studies show that supporting NPs on metal and polymer powder feedstocks enhances processability, avoids crack formation, refines grain size, increases functionality, and improves as-built part properties. Although several inter-laboratory studies (ILSs) on metal and polymer PBF-LB exist, they mainly focus on mechanical properties and primarily ignore nano-additivated feedstocks or standardized assessment of powder feedstock properties. However, those studies must obtain reliable data to validate each property metric’s repeatability and reproducibility limits related to the PBF-LB process chain. We herein propose the design of a large-scale ILS to quantify the effect of nanoparticle additivation on powder characteristics, process behavior, microstructure, and part properties in PBF-LB. Besides the work and sample flow to organize the ILS, the test methods to measure the NP-additivated metal and polymer powder feedstock properties and resulting part properties are defined. A research data management (RDM) plan is designed to extract scientific results from the vast amount of material, process, and part data. The RDM focuses not only on the repeatability and reproducibility of a metric but also on the FAIR principle to include findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable data/meta-data in additive manufacturing. The proposed ILS design gives access to principal component analysis (PCA) to compute the correlations between the material–process–microstructure–part properties.

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Fast Scanning Calorimetry

Schick

Androsch

2022

Thermal Analysis of Polymeric Materials

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How colloidal surface additivation of polyamide 12 powders with well-dispersed silver nanoparticles influences the crystallization already at low 0.01 vol%

Cited by 17 publications

References 53 publications

Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Polymers: Quantitative Research Direction Indices

Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Polymers: Quantitative Research Direction Indices

Nanoparticle Additivation Effects on Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Metals and Polymers—A Theoretical Concept for an Inter-Laboratory Study Design All Along the Process Chain, Including Research Data Management

Fast Scanning Calorimetry

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