How Costly Is Safe Sex? An Economic Analysis of the Commercial Sex Market in India

Mondal, Swadhin; Gupta, Indrani

doi:10.5645/ghp2013.01.01.05

Cited by 2 publications

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“…21. The insignificance of condom usage (and near significant positive sign of usually using condoms) is notable because some research finds it lowers price (but see Mondal and Gupta 2013). Only about 2 percent of respondents usually use condoms (see Table A1 in the Appendix).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 Studies in India and elsewhere find FSWs tend to sacrifice pay if using condoms (Arunachalam and Shah 2013;Gertler et al 2005;Rao et al 2003). By contrast, recent research in southern India finds there is now a premium for safe sex (Mondal and Gupta 2013).…”

Section: Independent Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By contrast, recent research in southern India finds there is now a premium for safe sex (Mondal and Gupta 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Traditionally, scholars studied sex work as a matter of public health or ethics. Focusing on public health, much work documents the incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like HIV and studies risk behaviors like condom use (Blankenship et al 2008;Mondal and Gupta 2013;Parrado, Flippen, and McQuiston 2004). Another literature scrutinizes the ethics of whether sex work can ever be free labor (see Sanders, O'Neill, and Pitcher 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Brokers and the Earnings of Female Sex Workers in India

2015

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This study examines whether working with a broker increases or reduces the payment received for the last client among female sex workers. Building on research on the informal economy and sex work, we formulate a positive embeddedness hypothesis, expecting a positive association, and an exploitation hypothesis expecting a negative association. We analyze a large survey combined with intensive interview data on female sex workers in Andhra Pradesh, India. These data uniquely distinguish between the amount the sex worker actually received and the amount the client paid. The analyses show that brokers are associated with significantly lower last payment received. Although brokers are associated with a greater number of clients in the past week, this does not result in significantly higher total earnings in the past week. Further analyses suggest that much of the negative relationship with earnings is due to the fact that brokers lead to a lack of control over the amount clients are charged. At the same time, the results fail to show that brokers actually provide services of value. Ultimately, the results support the exploitation hypothesis. We conclude by encouraging the refinement of theories of embeddedness and exploitation and calling for greater research on workers in the informal economy of developing countries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Independent Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By contrast, recent research in southern India finds there is now a premium for safe sex (Mondal and Gupta 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brokers and the Earnings of Female Sex Workers in India

2015

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“…Women engaged in sex work typically assert they can earn substantially more money doing sex work than working at the gendered alternatives available-low-skill construction, factory, domestic, or agricultural work (Sahni and Shankar 2013). Nonetheless, women's lesser economic dependence on sex trade when they engage in other work in addition to sex work may support their capacity to practice safer sex with clients (Mondal and Gupta 2013). Women's dependence on intimate partners for economic (and other forms of) security appears to constrain condom use practice in those private relationships (Shaw and Pillai 2012); thus, earning income from multiple sources may reduce that dependency and enhance women's capacity to practice condom use with private partners.…”

Section: Structural Relations Of Work Instituted In Livelihood Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender and Sexual Practice in Structural Context: Condom Use among Women Doing Sex Work in Southern India

Danner

Fort²,

Blankenship

2018

Gender & Society

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condom use among Women doing sex Work in southern india Gay younG american university, uSa Mona j. E. DannEr old Dominion university, uSa Lucía fort Independent Gender & Development consultant, uSa KIM M. BLanKEnShIp american university, uSa In this study, we elaborate connections among gender, structure, and practice to suggest how social structural relations shape social sexual practice and, in the process, reshape gender relations. using survey data from a study of a community mobilization intervention, we investigate the connection between institutional arrangements and condom use practice in sexual encounters with commercial clients and intimate partners among 410 women engaged in sex trade in a semiurban town in southern India. Multinomial logistic regression analysis uncovers the effects of 16 measures of gendered structural relations in three contexts-livelihood resources, household circumstances, and community mobilization intervention priorities. We compare women who practice either consistent or inconsistent condom use with both clients and partners with a reference group of women who practice consistent condom use with clients but not with partners. results reveal the importance of household and community relations for consistent safer sex practice over and above the organization of sex trade. our analysis advances gender theory in two interrelated ways: We contribute to gender theorizing in the implementation of health AUTHORS' NOTE: this work was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates foundation (BMGf) (Grant no. opp30183; pI K. Blankenship). the views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect official policy or position of BMGf. correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Gay young, american university,

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How Costly Is Safe Sex? An Economic Analysis of the Commercial Sex Market in India

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Brokers and the Earnings of Female Sex Workers in India

Brokers and the Earnings of Female Sex Workers in India

Gender and Sexual Practice in Structural Context: Condom Use among Women Doing Sex Work in Southern India

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