How Could Endocrine Disrupters Affect Human Health?

Darbre, Philippa D.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801139-3.00002-8

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Whilst biomonitoring is an established approach to evaluate the internal body burden of environmental exposures, the use of biomonitoring for exposome research is limited by the high costs associated with quantification of individual chemicals [ 167 ]. Interpretation of the presence of chemicals in human tissues has also been the subject of much controversy, as its presence cannot be taken to imply that there will be adverse functional consequences [ 123 , 223 ]. For example blood and urine samples generally only reflect recent exposures to toxicants (heavy metals, persistent organic chemicals, organophosphate (OPs) and carbamate pesticides); hair and nails reflect past exposures (pesticides, heavy metals, polychlorinated biphenyls and polyaromatic hydrocarbons), are easily contaminated and difficult to collect in a standardized way; and many other biological matrices such as human milk, saliva, adipose tissue and meconium lack reliable reference values for human populations [ 138 ].…”

Section: How Can Clinicians Assess Environmental Chemical Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Chemical Assessment in Clinical Practice: Unveiling the Elephant in the Room

Bijlsma

Cohen

2016

IJERPH

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A growing body of evidence suggests chemicals present in air, water, soil, food, building materials and household products are toxicants that contribute to the many chronic diseases typically seen in routine medical practice. Yet, despite calls from numerous organisations to provide clinicians with more training and awareness in environmental health, there are multiple barriers to the clinical assessment of toxic environmental exposures. Recent developments in the fields of systems biology, innovative breakthroughs in biomedical research encompassing the “-omics” fields, and advances in mobile sensing, peer-to-peer networks and big data, provide tools that future clinicians can use to assess environmental chemical exposures in their patients. There is also a need for concerted action at all levels, including actions by individual patients, clinicians, medical educators, regulators, government and non-government organisations, corporations and the wider civil society, to understand the “exposome” and minimise the extent of toxic exposures on current and future generations. Clinical environmental chemical risk assessment may provide a bridge between multiple disciplines that uses new technologies to herald in a new era in personalised medicine that unites clinicians, patients and civil society in the quest to understand and master the links between the environment and human health.

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Section: How Can Clinicians Assess Environmental Chemical Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Chemical Assessment in Clinical Practice: Unveiling the Elephant in the Room

Bijlsma

Cohen

2016

IJERPH

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“…2011). This matter is of critical public health importance because the prevalence of many of these endocrine-related disorders and diseases has been increasing over time, a trend that cannot be explained solely by genetic factors (Darbre 2015; Skakkebaek et al. 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple EDCs can act via a common mechanism to produce an outcome (e.g., binding to a particular type of hormone receptor), which suggests that individual chemicals can act together at lower concentrations to achieve the same outcome than the concentration that would be required for each chemical on its own (Darbre 2015). A corollary of this postulation is that different mixtures of EDCs are also able to produce a common outcome via a common mechanism (Darbre 2015). This has been confirmed in experimental studies, in vitro , which have shown that combinations of xenoestrogens are able to produce significant effects even when each individual chemical is present at a dose below its no-observed-effects level (NOEL; Rajapakse et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statistical Methodology in Studies of Prenatal Exposure to Mixtures of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: A Review of Existing Approaches and New Alternatives

Lazarevic

Barnett

Sly

et al. 2019

Environ Health Perspect

156

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Background:Prenatal exposures to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during critical developmental windows have been implicated in the etiologies of a wide array of adverse perinatal and pediatric outcomes. Epidemiological studies have concentrated on the health effects of individual chemicals, despite the understanding that EDCs act together via common mechanisms, that pregnant women are exposed to multiple EDCs simultaneously, and that substantial toxicological evidence of adverse developmental effects has been documented. There is a move toward multipollutant models in environmental epidemiology; however, there is no current consensus on appropriate statistical methods.Objectives:We aimed to review the statistical methods used in these studies, to identify additional applicable methods, and to determine the strengths and weaknesses of each method for addressing the salient statistical and epidemiological challenges.Methods:We searched Embase, MEDLINE, and Web of Science for epidemiological studies of endocrine-sensitive outcomes in the children of mothers exposed to EDC mixtures during pregnancy and identified alternative statistical methods from the wider literature.Discussion:We identified 74 studies and analyzed the methods used to estimate mixture health effects, identify important mixture components, account for nonmonotonicity in exposure–response relationships, assess interactions, and identify windows of exposure susceptibility. We identified both frequentist and Bayesian methods that are robust to multicollinearity, performing shrinkage, variable selection, dimension reduction, statistical learning, or smoothing, including methods that were not used by the studies included in our review.Conclusions:Compelling motivation exists for analyzing EDCs as mixtures, yet many studies make simplifying assumptions about EDC additivity, relative potency, and linearity, or overlook the potential for bias due to asymmetries in chemical persistence. We discuss the potential impacts of these choices and suggest alternative methods to improve analyses of prenatal exposure to EDC mixtures. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2207

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“…In recent decades, growing evidence has suggested that EDCs exposure is implicated in the development of several human diseases and that multiple mechanisms might be involved . Exposure to EDCs has been associated with an increase in oxidative stress and changes in cytokines production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to indoor endocrine‐disrupting chemicals and childhood asthma and obesity

Paciência

Rufo

Silva

et al. 2019

Allergy

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Background: Indoor air contaminants may act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). However, to what extent these contaminants affect health is poorly known.We aimed to assess the association between EDCs exposure and asthma, respiratory symptoms and obesity in schoolchildren.Methods: Data from a cross-sectional analysis of 815 participants from 20 schools in Porto, Portugal, were analysed. Symptoms were assessed, asthma was defined on lung function, and airway reversibility and body mass index (BMI) were calculated.The concentrations of 13 volatile organic compounds and 2 aldehydes identified as EDCs were measured in 71 classrooms throughout 1 week. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess the effect of co-exposure. Associations were estimated by regression coefficients using linear and logistic regression models.Results: Increased individual and combined EDCs levels were found in classrooms having more children with asthma and obesity. Higher levels of hexane, styrene, cyclohexanone, butylated hydroxytoluene and 2-butoxyethanol were associated with obesity, and higher levels of cyclohexanone were associated with increased child BMI. Toluene, oxylene, m/p-xylene and ethylbenzene were significantly associated with nasal obstruction.A positive association was found between PC1 and the risk of obese asthma (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.01, 1.98) and between PC2 and overweight (OR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.28, 1.79).PC1 and PC2 were also associated with nasal obstruction, and PC2 was associated with breathing difficulties and lean body mass, although EDCs concentrations were low. Conclusions:Our findings further support the role of EDCs in asthma and obesity development. Moreover, even low levels of indoor exposure may influence the risk of asthma, respiratory symptoms and obesity.

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How Could Endocrine Disrupters Affect Human Health?

Cited by 9 publications

References 67 publications

Environmental Chemical Assessment in Clinical Practice: Unveiling the Elephant in the Room

Environmental Chemical Assessment in Clinical Practice: Unveiling the Elephant in the Room

Statistical Methodology in Studies of Prenatal Exposure to Mixtures of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: A Review of Existing Approaches and New Alternatives

Exposure to indoor endocrine‐disrupting chemicals and childhood asthma and obesity

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