How deep can ectomycorrhizas go? A case study on Pisolithus down to 4 meters in a Brazilian eucalypt plantation

Robin, Agnès; Pradier, Céline; Sanguin, Hervé; Mahé, Frédéric; Lambais, George Rodrigues; Pereira, Arthur Prudêncio de Araújo; Germon, Amandine; Santana, Maiele Cintra; Tisseyre, Pierre; Pablo, Anne-Laure; Heuillard, Pauline; Sauvadet, Marie; Bouillet, Jean‐Pierre; Andreote, Fernando Dini; Plassard, Claude; Gonçalves, José Leonardo de Moraes; Cardoso, Elke Jurandy Bran Nogueira; Laclau, Jean‐Paul; Hinsinger, Philippe; Jourdan, Christophe

doi:10.1007/s00572-019-00917-y

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Recent studies exploring soils below 1 m depth have been dedicated to searching in particular for ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with deep-rooting trees. Robin et al (2019) recorded Pisolithus and Scleroderma species in association with roots of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden throughout the soil profiles down to 4 m in Brazil.…”

Section: Shifts In Fungal Taxa With Soil Depthmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Nevertheless, the cumulative biomass of bacteria and fungi inhabiting deeper soil horizons can be as high as in the topsoil, and these microorganisms play similarly important roles in biogeochemical processes, including soil carbon and nitrogen cycling, soil formation, iron redox reactions, and pollutant degradation (Brewer et al, 2019). Some groups of microorganisms appear predominantly in deeper soil horizons, such as the candidate phylum Dormibacteraeota (Brewer et al, 2019), or tree root host-specific mycorrhizal fungal strains, as shown in Eucalyptus forests at 4 m soil depth (Robin et al, 2019). Also, it appears that microbial diversity is not necessarily lower in subsoils than in topsoils, as recently has been found on the Loess Plateau in China in soils down to 20 m depth (Liu et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Deep Soil Layers of Drought-Exposed Forests Harbor Poorly Known Bacterial and Fungal Communities

et al. 2021

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Soil microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi play important roles in the biogeochemical cycling of soil nutrients, because they act as decomposers or are mutualistic or antagonistic symbionts, thereby influencing plant growth and health. In the present study, we investigated the vertical distribution of the soil microbiome to a depth of 2 m in Swiss drought-exposed forests of European beech and oaks on calcareous bedrock. We aimed to disentangle the effects of soil depth, tree (beech, oak), and substrate (soil, roots) on microbial abundance, diversity, and community structure. With increasing soil depth, organic carbon, nitrogen, and clay content decreased significantly. Similarly, fine root biomass, microbial biomass (DNA content, fungal abundance), and microbial alpha-diversity decreased and were consequently significantly related to these physicochemical parameters. In contrast, bacterial abundance tended to increase with soil depth, and the bacteria to fungi ratio increased significantly with greater depth. Tree species was only significantly related to the fungal Shannon index but not to the bacterial Shannon index. Microbial community analyses revealed that bacterial and fungal communities varied significantly across the soil layers, more strongly for bacteria than for fungi. Both communities were also significantly affected by tree species and substrate. In deep soil layers, poorly known bacterial taxa from Nitrospirae, Chloroflexi, Rokubacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Firmicutes and GAL 15 were overrepresented. Furthermore, archaeal phyla such as Thaumarchaeota and Euryarchaeota were more abundant in subsoils than topsoils. Fungal taxa that were predominantly found in deep soil layers belong to the ectomycorrhizal Boletus luridus and Hydnum vesterholtii. Both taxa are reported for the first time in such deep soil layers. Saprotrophic fungal taxa predominantly recorded in deep soil layers were unknown species of Xylaria. Finally, our results show that the microbial community structure found in fine roots was well represented in the bulk soil. Overall, we recorded poorly known bacterial and archaeal phyla, as well as ectomycorrhizal fungi that were not previously known to colonize deep soil layers. Our study contributes to an integrated perspective on the vertical distribution of the soil microbiome at a fine spatial scale in drought-exposed forests.

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Section: Shifts In Fungal Taxa With Soil Depthmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Deep Soil Layers of Drought-Exposed Forests Harbor Poorly Known Bacterial and Fungal Communities

et al. 2021

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“…One of the most outstanding particularities of large trees is that they possess a root system that penetrates several meters into the ground. Although mycorrhizas have been commonly described to be mostly concentrated in the top layer of the soil, some reports show that they are also present several meters underground (de Araujo Pereira et al, 2018;Robin et al, 2019). With this respect, further research is required to unravel other relevant roles of mycorrhizas in deeper soil horizons and in large trees, probably more related with ecosystem services, such as carbon storage, that may also help trees to cope with environmental stresses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycorrhizal Symbiosis for Better Adaptation of Trees to Abiotic Stress Caused by Climate Change in Temperate and Boreal Forests

Usman¹,

Ho-Plágaro²,

Frank³

et al. 2021

Front. For. Glob. Change

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Global climate changes have serious consequences on natural ecosystems and cause diverse environmental abiotic stressors that negatively affect plant growth and development. Trees are dependent on their symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi, as the hyphal network significantly improves the uptake of water and essential mineral nutrients by colonized roots. A number of recent studies has enhanced our knowledge on the functions of mycorrhizal associations between fungi and plant roots. Moreover, a series of timely studies have investigated the impact and benefit of root symbioses on the adaptation of plants to climate change-associated stressors. Trees in temperate and boreal forests are increasingly exposed to adverse environmental conditions, thus affecting their durable growth. In this mini-review, we focus our attention on the role mycorrhizal symbioses play in attenuating abiotic stressors imposed on trees facing climatic changes, such as high temperatures, drought, salinity, and flooding.

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“…As for AM fungi, the presence of ECM fungi propagules has been shown in very deep soil layers, down to 10 m (Santana et al, 2016). Robin et al (2019) demonstrated for the first time using molecular sequencing that ECM symbioses occurred with Eucalyptus grandis roots at a depth of 4 m in Brazil (Fig. 6).…”

Section: Mycorrhizal Association With Deep Rootsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…In each image, the scale bar corresponds to 1 mm. Adapted fromRobin et al (2019), used by permission. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.…”

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confidence: 99%

Tamm Review: Deep fine roots in forest ecosystems: Why dig deeper?

Germon

Laclau

Robin

et al. 2020

Forest Ecology and Management

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While the number of studies dealing with fine root dynamics in deep soils layers (depth > 1 m) has increased sharply recently, the phenology, the morphology, the anatomy and the role of deep fine roots are still poorly known in forest ecosystems. This review summarizes the current knowledge on fine root production, mortality and longevity in deep soil layers, mycorrhizal association with deep roots, and the role of deep fine roots on carbon, water and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. Plant species are known to be more deeply rooted in tropical ecosystems than in temperate and boreal ecosystems, but deep-rooted species are common in a wide range of climates. Deep fine roots are highly plastic in response to changes in environmental conditions and soil resources. Recent studies show that functional traits can be different for deep and shallow roots, with a possible functional specialization of deep fine roots to take up nutrients. With higher vessel diameter and larger tracheid, the anatomy of deep fine roots is also oriented toward water acquisition and transport by increasing the hydraulic conductivity. Deep fine roots can have a great impact on the biogeochemical cycles in many forests (in particular in tropical areas where highly weathered soils are commonly very deep), making it possible to take up water and nutrients over dry periods and contributing to store carbon in the soil. The biogeochemical models in forest ecosystems need to consider the specificity of deep root functioning to better predict carbon, water and nutrient cycling as well as net ecosystem productivity.

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How deep can ectomycorrhizas go? A case study on Pisolithus down to 4 meters in a Brazilian eucalypt plantation

Cited by 20 publications

References 67 publications

Deep Soil Layers of Drought-Exposed Forests Harbor Poorly Known Bacterial and Fungal Communities

Deep Soil Layers of Drought-Exposed Forests Harbor Poorly Known Bacterial and Fungal Communities

Mycorrhizal Symbiosis for Better Adaptation of Trees to Abiotic Stress Caused by Climate Change in Temperate and Boreal Forests

Tamm Review: Deep fine roots in forest ecosystems: Why dig deeper?

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